Centrifuges continuous flow

Flow injection analysis (FIA) was developed in the mid-1970s as a highly efficient technique for the automated analyses of samples. °> Unlike the centrifugal analyzer described earlier in this chapter, in which samples are simultaneously analyzed in batches of limited size, FIA allows for the rapid, sequential analysis of an unlimited number of samples. FIA is one member of a class of techniques called continuous-flow analyzers, in which samples are introduced sequentially at regular intervals into a liquid carrier stream that transports the samples to the detector. ... 

Continuous-flow compressors. a. Centrifugal compressors h. Axial flow compressors... 

Compressors A compressor is a device that pressurizes the air in a gas turbine. It transfers energy by dynamic means from a rotating member to the continuously flowing air. The two types of compressors used in gas turbines are axial and centrifugal. Figures 29-25 and 29-26 depict typical industrial gas turbines. 

As the flow rate and quantity of liquor are the most important controllable variables in developing design data, a feed pump suitable for accurate and continuous flow is required. Depending on the size of the pilot column system, the use of peristaltic, diaphragm, piston-type or centrifugal pumps are recommended. The feed pump should be used in combination with a volumetric or gravimetric flow control... 

In much the same manner as pumps, compressors are classified as one of two general classes positive displacement or dynamic (see Figure 3-68) [23]. These two general classes of compressors are the same as that for pumps. The positive displacement class of compressors is an intermittent flow device, which is usually a reciprocating piston compressor or a rotary compressor (e.g., sliding vane, screws, etc.). The dynamic class of compressor is a continuous flow device, which is usually an axial-flow or centrifugal compressor (or mix of the two). 

Separation. The proeess by which the bacterial cells are separated from the culture fluid. Centrifugation using either a batch or continuous flow process is commonly used, but preeipitation of the cells by reducing the pH is an alternative. In the case of vaeeines prepared fiom eells, the fluid is discarded and the cells are resuspended in a saline mixture where vaeeines are made fiom a constituent of the fluid, the cells are discarded. 

Regardless of the location of the protein and its state, cell separation needs to be inemensive, simple, and reliable, as large amounts of fermentation-broth dilute in the desired product may be handled. The objectives are to obtain a well-clarified supernatant and solids of maximum dryness, avoiding contamination by using a contained operation. Centrifugation or crossflow filtration is t ically used for cell separation, and both unit operations can be run in a continuous-flow mode [Datar and Rosen, in Stephanopoulos (ed.), op. cit., pp. 369-503]. In recent years, e3q>anded-bea adsorption has become an alternative. It combines broth clarification and adsorption separation in a single step. 

Brain tissue Homogenization in coid 0.01 M NaOH. Centrifuge and resuspend pellet add zinc acetate and ascorbic acid readjust pH use continuous flow gas dialysis system to separate sulfide. Gas dialysis/ion chromatography with ECD 0.02 pg/g 95-100% Goodwin et al. 1989... 

Bates et al. [35] collected suspended particulate matter from river water and wastewater effluents using high speed continuous flow centrifugation, and analysed the isolated solids for hydrocarbons. The results were compared with those obtained on samples obtained by glass filter filtration. It was concluded that the use of a continuance flow centrifuge allows the concentration of organic associated with suspended particulate matter to be estimated more accurately. 

Water/SPM Collect water samples on disposable octyl-bonded silica solid-phase extraction columns dry elute with hexane/ether SPM collected by continuous flow centrifugation extract with acetone/water/benzene GC/ECD GC/MS O.lpg/L (water) 0.1 mg/kg (suspended particulate) 83 (water) 82 (suspended particulate) Ritsema et al. 1989... 

Continuous flow pumps such as centrifugal pumps problems can be classified into the following categories ... 

The Imperforate Bowl Centrifuge. In an imperforate bowl centrifuge the flow of the continuous liquid phase is nominally axial, except for areas immediately adjacent to the feed inlet and effluent oudet. Tubular solid-bowl basket and imperforate bowl conveyor-discharge centrifuges satisfy this definition. 

Standing-Crop Particles. Standing-crop, noncolloidal, particulate matter was sampled by using two techniques 1, niskin casts followed by filtration onto track-etched filters and 2, serial sieve fractionation in-line with continuous-flow centrifugation, which enabled the collection of gram quantities of suspended particles. 

Filtration (12) of whole lake water from niskin casts and centrifugate from continuous-flow centrifuges was accomplished with track-etched filters (Nuclepore) of various pore sizes. For P, the fractionation protocol employed filters rated at 1.0, 0.4,... 

Gamerdinger, A. P., andKaplan, D. I. (2000). Application ofa continuous-flow centrifugation method for solute transport in disturbed, unsaturated sediments and illustration of mobile-immobile water. Water Resour. Res. 36(7), 1747-1755. 

High-pressure specification canned-motor centrifugal pumps can provide the solution for the hardest pumping duties. The pump illustrated in Figures 8 and 8.1 has to pump a corrosive suspension in a continuous flow at a starting temperature of 250°C and an inlet pressure of... 

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