Cement grout stabilization

Construction Soil stabilization water absorber water retention aids in cements, grouts, and tiles improvement of mechanical properties of cement and gypsum plasters and water based paints... 

The incorporation of fly ash into Portland cement has been identified as one of the treatment parameters of cement composition to be evaluated. There is already an extensive experience database on the performance of fly-ash-modified Portland cement for heavy-metal immobilization and the solidification/stabilization (S/S) of radioactive waste. The United Kingdom (Wilding, 1992) and the United States (Huang et al., 1994) have used these materials, in the form of cement grouts, for the S/S of low- and intermediate-level radioactive wastes. In this section, we will review the known benefits of fly-ash-modified Portland cement over unmodified Portland cement, along with the anticipated improvements expected by the supercritical C02 treatment of modified Portland. 

Cement grouts injected to replace and mix with soils eroded by high pressure water jet ("soilcrete column") Stabilizing chemicals moved into soil by electroosmosis... 

METLCAP is a chemical cement that encapsulates, stabilizes, and solidifies hazardous heavy metals in solid form, in slurry form, or in solution. The cement is composed of magnesium oxychloride, which forms when magnesium chloride and magnesium oxide, with water, are mixed together with the metals. The hardened cement product is insoluble and itself becomes a usable resource as cement or as fill material. The METLCAP technology is applicable as an in sitn or ex situ treatment or for high-pressure injection grouting and construction of slnrry walls. Currently, the process is patented and commercially available from Stark Encapsulation, Inc. 

T.M. Gilliam, R.D. Spence, W.D. Bostick, and J.L. Shoemaker, Solidification/stabilization of technetium in cement-based grouts, Proc. 2nd Annual Gulf Coast Haz. Substance Research Center Symp., Solidification/ Stabilization Mechanisms and Applications, Beaumont, 7X February 15—16, 1990. 

Chemical grouts (except for epoxies and polyesters) have little strength compared to cement, and the actual strength of a solid mass of chemical grout is of academic interest only. However, the strength of soil formation stabilized with chemical grout is of very practical interest. 

Portland cement is also associated with transportation infrastructure construction. In addition to its use in pavements, Portland cement concrete is a common construction material for bridges, tunnels and viaducts in our transportation systems. Portland cement is also used in grouting, pipe bedding, and sou stabilization. As with asphalt concrete, the wide range of uses has led to a proliferation of admixtures. These admixtmes are used to improve... 

Over the last several decades, there has been a notable shift toward soft engineering, nonstructural solutions, including classical methods such as drainage and modification of slope geometry, but also some novel methods such as lime/cement stabilization, grouting, or soil nailing. The cost of nonstructural remedial measures is considerably lower than the cost of structural solutions. In addition. 

Under normal disposal conditions the repository will be dry. The rock salt will become plastic under the pressure of the overlaying strata and will thus creep into cavities not completely filled with waste. This will result in a high mechanical load on the fuel elements which may be crushed up if no countermeasures are taken. Appropriate countermeasures like e.g. grouting with cement have been developed and successfully tested /3/.To investigate the stability of the fuel elements a remote press with a maximum pressing power of about 30 MPa was installed in the hot cell facility GHZ of the FZ Julich. The equipment consisted of a cylindrical steel vessel and the pressure piston. The vessel was swept with an inert gas and connected to a gas measuring circuit (see FIG. 10). 

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