Cellulose vulcanized fiber

Use Chemicals (methyl isobutyl ketone methyl isobutyl carbinol methyl methacrylate bisphenol-A) paint, varnish, and lacquer solvent cellulose acetate, especially as spinning solvent to clean and dry parts of precision equipment solvent for potassium iodide and permanganate delusterant for cellulose acetate fibers specification testing of vulcanized rubber products. 

In addition to cellulosic and synthetic resins, the present scope of the industry includes vulcanized fiber, casein pla dcs, and regenerated cellulose. This definition has evolved over a period of years. 

Vulcanized Fiber and 400, Casein and Regenerated Cellulose. The authors are not acquainted with all the sources of information for these classes. Vulcanized fiber figures are available in the Census of Manufacturers of 1947. Vulcanized fiber exports and imports are available for 1937 through 1947. The figures on regenerated cellulose (cellophane) are not disclosed separately in published figures because of the number of manufacturers at present. When there are three or fewer manufacturers, the disclosure of industry totals would reveal the operation of individual companies. 

ASTM Committees D-9 and D-20 have prepared specifications for many types of commercial plastics, including allyl, cellulose nitrate, acetate and acetate butyrate, ethyl-cellulose, melamine, methacrylate, phenolic, polystyrene, urea, vinyl chloride and chloride-acetate, vinylidene chloride, vulcanized fiber, and thermosetting laminates. These have been published in the ASTM books of standards 4-7). 

Zinc dithiocarbamate fungicides and stabilizers Treating cellulose to make vulcanized fiber Phosphors... 

Cellulose acetate is the most well known plastic with a cellulose base. Others are cellulose acetobutyrate and cellulose propionate. Cellulose hydrate may be used as a vulcanized fiber. Cellulose may be identified fairly simply. Dissolve or suspend a sample in acetone, react it with 2-3 drops of a 2 % solution of a-naphthol in ethanol, and carefully introduce a layer of concentrated sulfuric acid under this. At the phase boundary, a red to red-brown ring forms. In the presence of cellulose nitrate, a green ring forms. Sugars and lignin produce interference. For differentiation between cellulose acetate and cellulose acetobutyrate, it is usually sufficient to examine the vapors produced by dry heating of the sample. The acetate smells like acetic acid the acetobutyrate smells of both acetic acid and butyric acid (like rancid butter). 

Cellulose derivatives may be detected by running the tests outlined under Section 6.2.16. Vulcanized fiber (also called hydrocellulose) dissolves in Schweizer s reagent (also known as cuoxam solution). However, the latter is somewhat difficult to produce, so it is often inappropriate for indicative tests. 

Fiber, vulcanized There are natural plastics such as gutta percha and shellac the synthetics include many such as nylon and phenolics. There has been, patented in 1871, one that seems to be between the two and is known as vulcanized fiber which is processed regenerated cellulose fibers, viscose rayon, etc. In the past, this material was popular but now it is almost obsolete. 

Celluloses can be converted to other useful products by reorientation of their fiber structure. Paper, parchment paper, vulcan fiber, mercerized cotton, and hydrocelluloses belong in this class. 

Under the name hydrated cellulose are grouped all those workable forms of cellulose in which it has simply undergone a mechanical transformation into the swollen state. The most important forms are paper, parchment or vellum paper, and vulcan fiber. 

Unsized paper from linters or soda wood pulp is likewise made up into vulcanized fiber. The paper roll tracks are welded together by a parch-mentization process involving treatment with 70% ZnCl2 solution at 50-70 C, forming a sandwichlike material. Thick parchment paper and thin vulcan fiber are almost identical. A cellulose hydrate is considered to be formed in the parchmentization process ... 

Vulcanized fiber n. (1) Resin-firee cellulosic plastic. Made by immersing cotton waterleaf paper in a solution of zinc chloride, applying slight heat and pressure and subsequently... 

Vulcanized fiber [ff. Vulcanized Fibre, a trademark] (ca. 1884) n. Cellulosic material that has been partly gelatinized by action of a chemical (usually zinc chloride solution), then heavily compressed or rolled to the required thickness, leached free of the zinc chloride, and dried. It has been used for electrical insulation, luggage, and mate-rials-handling equipment. 

Reacted with nitric acid, acetic add, etc. a-cellulose yields the cellulosic plastics. It is also a filler for urea and melamine resins, and paper with high a-cellulose content is used in the manufacture of vulcanized fiber. 

Cellulose acetate CA, Cellulose propionate CP, Cellulose acetobutyrate CAB, Ethyl cellulose EC, Vulcanized fiber VF... 

Table 3.3-23 Cellulose acetate, CA cellulose propionate, CP cellulose acetobutyrate, CAB ethylceUulose, EC vulcanized fiber, VF...

Cellulose acetobutyrate, CAB. Applications fibers, Ethylcellulose, EC. Applications foils, injection-foils, lacquers, resin adhesives, sheet molding com- molded parts, lacquers, adhesives, pounds, bulk molding compounds, automotive parts. Vulcanized fiber, VF. Applications gear wheels, switches, light housings, spectacles. abrasive wheels, case plates. 

Before 1800 Cotton, flax, wool, and silk fibers bitumens caulking materials glass and hydraulic cements leather and cellulose sheet (paper) natural rubber Hevea brasiliensis), gutta percha, balata, and shellac 1839 Vulcanization of rubber (Charles Goodyear)... 

Synthetic fiber, like nylon-6,6, (b) Rigid, brittle plastic, like polystyrene, (c) Tough plastic, cellulose acetate. (d) Elastomer, like lightly vulcanized natural rubber. (1 kgf/cm-= 0.098 MN/m ) (After Rudin, 1982.)... 

Polymer forming began with the chemical modification of natural polymers such as natural rubber vulcanization and cellulose acetylation. The first efforts to shape natural polymers and early synthetic ones into useful products such as textile fibers and films for packaging date from the middle of the 19 century. 

The earliest applications of polymer chemistry involved chemical modification designed to improve the physical properties of naturally occurring polymers. In 1839, Charles Goodyear transformed natural rubber, which is brittle when cold and tacky when warm, to a substance that maintains its elasticity over a wider temperature range by heating it with sulfur (vulcanization). The first synthetic fibers— called rayons—were made by chemical modification of cellulose near the end of the nineteenth century. 

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