Cellulose thin layer chromatography

E. Merck cellulose thin-layer chromatography plates (available from American Scientific Products) are developed with chromatography buffer (Note 13) and visualized with sulfosalicylic acid/ferric chloride spray. The system consists of a solution of 1.0 g of sulfosal icyl ic acid (from Aldrich... 

Materials. The water used for all purposes was double-distilled (once with glassware) and deionized (final conductance was less than 1 X 10"6 ohm1 cm."1). Stearic acid (obtained from Sigma Chemical Co.) was at least 99% pure as determined by silica gel thin-layer chromatography (4), and the synthetic L-a(/ ,y-dipalmitoyl) lecithin was about 90% pure (see Ref. 13 for analysis). The ATP-14C and its derivatives were obtained from Nuclear-Chicago or New England Nuclear Corp. and were found to be 95-98% pure as determined by cellulose thin-layer chromatography (16). 

When formed on cellulose [thin-layer-chromatography (TLC) plates], the colored forms of 6-nitro-8-methoxyBIPS and of trimethylindolinospironaphthoxa-zine are stabilized against thermal or photoerasure by interaction with nickel or zinc salts of hydroxy carboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acids. The zinc salts of 1-hydroxy-... 

Rf Values (x 100) of Some Pteridines and the 380/440-400/460 Fluorophore from Uremic Hemofiltrate Using MN-300F Cellulose Thin-Layer Chromatography Plates0... 

Fig. 1A-C. Chromatographic analysis of (ADP-ribose)n residues associated with HMG proteins and histone HI isolated from control and 3-ABm treated cells. Radioactive material (fraction V, control) was treated with 0.3 N NaOH for 1 h at 0°C (A). Fraction V [control (B) and 3-ABm (C)] was digested with snake venome phosphodiesterase for 3 h at 37°C. The hydrolytic product was analyzed by cellulose thin layer chromatography, a solvent system containing 0.1 A/ sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) ammonium sulfate, and -propanol (100 60 2, v/w/v)...

Dass HC (1977) Phylogenetic studies in Citrus reticulata and related types. Euphytica 26 805-810 Dass HC, Weaver GM (1972) Cellulose thin-layer chromatography of phenolic substances. J Chromatogr 67 105-111... 

Vomhof, D. W., and Tucker, T. C. (1965). The separation of simple sugars by cellulose thin layer chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 17 300-306. 

Keith, G. (1995). Mobilities of modified ribonucleotides on two-dimensional cellulose thin-layer chromatography. Biochimie 77 142-144. 

Glass-backed cellulose thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates (20 x 20 cm, Aldrich). 

Technique of thin-layer chromatography. Preparation of the plate. In thin-layer chromatography a variety of coating materials is available, but silica gel is most frequently used. A slurry of the adsorbent (silica gel, cellulose powder, etc.) is spread uniformly over the plate by means of one of the commercial forms of spreader, the recommended thickness of adsorbent layer being 150-250 m. After air-drying overnight, or oven-drying at 80-90 °C for about 30 minutes, it is ready for use. 

Paper chromatography (PC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) have been used since the 1940s. Preparative PC on Whatman 3 paper, analytical PC on Whatman 1 paper, and analytical TLC on microcrystalline cellulose, silica gel, or polyamide have been applied with a variety of solvents and the behaviors of anthocyanins have been similar in all media. Two-dimensional TLC allows the separation of several compounds and has been nsed to clarify the anthocyanin compositions of different commodities. ... 

Although the interest in, and application of layer chromatography has historically resulted from the development of PC, it was soon replaced by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). In PC, only one stationary phase matrix is available (cellulose), at variance to TLC (silica, polyamide, ion-exchange resins, cellulose). Using a silica-gel plate, separation of a sample can be accomplished in approximately 1 h as compared with many hours on paper. The plate size is much smaller than the necessary paper size. Also, more samples can be spotted... 

Spengler and Jumar [90] used a spectrophotometric method and thin layer chromatography to determine carbamate and urea herbicide residues in sediments. The sample is extracted with acetone, the extract is evaporated in vacuo at 40°C and the residue is hydrolysed with sulphuric acid. The solution is made alkaline with 15% aqueous sodium hydroxide and the liberated aniline (or substituted aniline) is steam distilled and collected in hydrochloric acid. The amine is diazotized and coupled with thymol, the solution is cleaned up on a column of MN 2100 cellulose power and the azo-dye is determined spectrophotometrically at 440nm (465nm for the dye derived from 3-chloro- or 3.4-dichloroaniline) with correction for the extinction of a reagent blank. 

Thin layer chromatography was carried out on 20x20cm glass plates coated 0.25mm thick with a suitable support and dried overnight. Silica gel G, silica gel H and cellulose were examined as the solid phases for chromatography of methanearsonate, arsenite and arsenate. Several sprays for the visualization of the arsenicals on plates were tested. Three of the more successful reagents and the colour produced with final product are shown in Table 13.2. 

Paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) constitute the planar methods mentioned above. Paper chromatography makes use of a sheet of paper having the consistency of filter paper (cellulose) for the stationary phase. Since such paper is hydrophilic, the stationary phase is actually a thin film of water unintentionally adsorbed on the surface of the paper. Thus, paper chromatography represents a form of partition chromatography only. The mobile phase is always a liquid. 

The simplest form of liquid-liquid chromatography is paper chromatography (or commercially prepared cellulose thin-layer plates) in which the... 

Cellulose is itself polar in nature and can cause some adsorption, which may result in the tailing of zones. However, this adsorptive effect may contribute to the separation process in some instances and the use of a polar mobile phase can enhance this effect further, e.g. the separation of amino acids using an aqueous solution of ammonia as the mobile phase. The combination of partition and adsorption generally influences separations on cellulose thin-layer plates, which have superseded paper chromatography in most instances and offer increased speed and resolution. 

The toxins are easily detected, after separation of the compounds from plasma and renal tissue on silica thin layers, by their fluorescence in UV light orellanine is visible as navy blue, orellinine as dark blue, and orelline as light blue (Horn et al., 1997). Beside thin-layer chromatography (TLQ, use of HPLC for the analysis of orellanine, e.g., in mushroom extracts, has also been reported. Quantitative analysis of orellanine in plasma samples, or in (rat) urine samples, was performed by extraction of orellanine on XAD-4 resin, two-dimensional TLC on cellulose, and spectrophotometric evaluation of the orelline produced on the TLC plates after UV-induced decomposition of the orellanine. 

Also thin-layer chromatography is applied to the separation of both elements . Pertechnetate and molybdate can be separated on silica gel or alumina with mixtures of 1 M HCl methanol or 1 M HCl ethanol (1 5) as solvent and also on cellulose MN 300 with butanol saturated with 1 M HCl . 

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