Acids Ferric chloride

A fairly general procedure consists in coupling a phenol or naphthol with a diazotised amine, reducing the product to an aminophenol or aminonaphthol, and oxidising the hydroxy compound with acid ferric chloride solution. This method is illustrated by the preparation of (3 (or 1 2)-naphthoquinone ... 

Copper etchants do not directly influence the electroless plating process, but are used merely to remove unwanted copper, and should not affect the deposit properties. The costs of waste treatment and disposal have led to disuse of throw-away systems such as chromic—sulfuric acid, ferric chloride, and ammonium persulfate. Newer types of regenerable etchants include cupric chloride, stabilized peroxide, and proprietary ammoniacal etchant baths. 

Acidic ferric chloride reagent 0.5 g ferric chloride, 5 ml glacial acetic acid and 5 ml concentrated sulphuric acid in 1 litre of water Cholesterol and its esters Heat to 100°C. Cholesterol appears as a red-violet spot in a few minutes followed by the esters. Continued heating causes chairing of all lipids... 

The analytical concentrations change during the heterogeneous reaction. These changes are governed by the stoichiometry of the heterogeneous reaction and are proportional to one another. For example, chalcopyrite is dissolved in acidic ferric chloride solution according to... 

E. Merck cellulose thin-layer chromatography plates (available from American Scientific Products) are developed with chromatography buffer (Note 13) and visualized with sulfosalicylic acid/ferric chloride spray. The system consists of a solution of 1.0 g of sulfosal icyl ic acid (from Aldrich... 

Prior to the use of the adhesives, the dentin surface is etched with a conditioning solution which is usually an aqueous acidic solution of citric acid-ferric chloride, phosphoric acid, or even polyacrylic acid [192]. These solutions tend to demineralize the dentin and expose the collagen (organic fibers in the dentin) [193], and thereby result in higher bond strengths. The effects of various pre-conditioning treatments on the bond strength of 4-META to dentin have been discussed [194]. 

Oxidation of 3-amino-2-(2,5-dihydroxybenzyl)quinazolin-(3i/)-one (494) with acidic ferric chloride or aqueous sodium hydroxide gave a quinone that spontaneously cyclized to the quinazolino[3,2-fc]cinnoline-2,7(13//)-dione (495) [66JCS(C)2190]. 

Benzenetetrol. 1,2,4,5-Tetrahydroxybenzene (71) forms leaflets from glacial acetic acid (mp 215—220°C). It is easily soluble in water, ethanol, and diethyl ether but is not quite as soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid and glacial acetic acid. Ferric chloride produces a precipitate of... 

Room temperature etch. ASTM D 2651 nitric acid-ferric chloride etch... 

Table 4,61 Corrosion of lead in hydrochloric acid-ferric chloride mixtures at 24°C (75°F)...

Reagents. Acidic Ferric Chloride Solution. Dissolve 0.2 g of ferric chloride in sufficient dilute hydrochloric acid to produce 100 ml. Dimediylphenylenediamine Solution. Dissolve 0.1 g of AW-dimediyl-p-phenylenediamine in sufficient of a 50% v/v solution of hydrochloric acid to produce 100 ml. 

Acid solutions, excluding hydrochloric e.g., phosphoric, sulhiric, most conditions, many organics Neutral solutions, e.g., many non oxidizing salt solutions, chlorides, sulfates Caustic and mild alkalies, excluding ammonium hydroxide Neutral or alkaline solutions, e.g, persulfates, peroxides, chromates Pitting media, acid ferric chloride solutions Freshwater supplies Seawater Steam Furnace gases with incidental sulfur content ... 

Olanipekun E. O. (1999) Kinetics of sphalerite leaching in acidic ferric chloride solutions. Trans. Indian Inst. Metall. 52(2-3), 81-86. 

It dissolves in alkalies with a purple colour the colour rapidly changes, with formation of haematei n, to blue-violet, afterwards becoming brown. Chromic acid, ferric chloride, and vanadic acid form higher oxidation products, which give black lakes with metallic oxides. On melting with potash, or on dry distillation, it yields pyrogallol and resorcin [99]. 

Finally I will call attention to novel composite microstructures from lipids and minerals. When a-hydroxy fatty acid galactocerebroside and a mixture of anioic sulfated galactocerebrosides are suspended in ethylene glycol multilayer tubules are produced. When the tubule suspension is then treated with an acidic ferric chloride solution, the tubules became covered with shards of the mineral lepidocrocite (y-FeOOH).43 Although the direct application of this organic-inorganic composite is still uncertain, but it seems to have a possibility of designing new materials. 

Chlorination of Ethanol. Ethyl alcohol either absolute or containing water is chlorinated to form the hemiacetal of trichloroacetaldehyde from which chloral is liberated by treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid. Ferric chloride may be employed as a chlorination catalyst, but its use does not appear necessary. Five moles of hydrogen chloride is liberated for each mole of chloral produced, and the other by-products include ethyl chloride, ethylene dichloride, and ethyl ether. 

Very active catalysts such as aluminum chloride often lead to significant amounts of meta products, even when the aromatic ring contains activating substituents, 0a,h,9l which is due to the thermodynamic nature of the reaction with aluminum chloride and the thermodynamic preference for the meta product. Excess catalyst and high reaction temperatures also favor more meta product. The use of BF3, sulfuric acid, ferric chloride (FeCl3) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2), in lower concentrations and at lower temperatures, gives primarily the expected ortho-para products. ... 

Betts, at a meeting of the American Electro-chemical Society, September 18, 1905, stated that an acid ferric chloride solution attacks stibnite with ease, producing a solulnon of ferrous and antimonious chlorides and a residue of sulphur from this solution metallic antimony and ferrous chloride can be recovered electrolytically. 

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