Cellulose calcium salt

Sugars, including glucose, sucrose syrup, and honey, sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol, sodium and calcium salts of saccharin, aspartame, potassium thaumatin Sugars and polyvinyl alcohol, povidone, and cellulose Electrolytes, polymers, starch, sodium alginate, and carbomer... 

Carboxymethylcellulose Calcium (Calcium CMC) A calcium salt of polycar-boxymethyl ether of cellulose, calcium CMC is obtained by carboxymethylation of cellulose and conversion into calcium salt. Different molecular grades are prepared by changing the degree of carboxymethylation. It is available as a line powder, white to yellowish white in color, and hygroscopic in nature. Calcium CMC has swelling and viscosity-enhancing properties in water. It can swell twice its volume in water [25]. 

Diluent To act as a bulking agent or filling material Sugars, lactose, mannitol, sorbitol, sucrose Inorganic salts, primarily calcium salts Polysaccharides, primarily microcrystalline celluloses... 

The USPNF 23 describes carboxymethylcellulose calcium as the calcium salt of a polycarboxymethyl ether of cellulose. 

Cellulose, obtained from wood pulp or cotton fibers, is carboxymethylated, followed by conversion to the calcium salt. It is then graded on the basis of its degree of carboxymethylation and pulverized. 

A polysaccharide can be conveniently degraded for purposes of structural determinations in a rather simple way. The polysaccharide to be examined is dissolved in an excess of an oxygen-free solution of a base, usually saturated lime-water, and allowed to stand at 25-37° for several months. Cations are then removed from the solution with a suitable cation-exchange resin. Residual polysaccharide may be precipitated with three volumes of ethanol, and the degradation products separated by cellulose-column chromatography, or by fractional reprecipitation of their calcium salts. ... 

Cellulose is not affected by ordinary solvents, but is attacked by strong sulphuric acid, yielding a starch-like body called amyloid, and is dissolved by ammoniacal solutions of copper salts, from which it can be precipitated in an amorphous form by the addition of acids. This properly constitutes the basis of one method of making artificial silk. It may be mentioned, incidentally, that when heated to 200-220 deg. Cent, with caustic potash, cellulose is broken down into oxalic acid, and large quantities of that acid are made in this way. Sawdust is fused with potash in iron pans the melt when cold is extracted with water, and the oxalic acid is precipitated as the insoluble calcium salt from which it is subsequently liberated by the action of sulphuric acid. This process, which was discovered by Gay-Lussac in 1829, and was first employed on the manufacturing scale by Dale- in 1856, is far cheaper than the older method of oxidising sugar or starch with nitric acid. "... 

Because of the statistical distribution of carboxylate groups in the carboxylmethyl cellulose a mixture of these two forms probably obtains. The observed binding of CDC to calcium carboxymethyl cellulose very likely involves calcium salt linkages. This binding capacity also suggests that calcium carboxymethyl cellulose could be considered as a replacement for cholestyramine in the treatment of some gastro-intestinal disorders since carboxymethyl cellulose can be expected to have far less abrasive action on the intestinal wall. 

The plant cell wall of wood is built up by the three components discussed above rigid, water-insoluble cellulose microfibrils, hemicellulose molecules, which are presumably fixated by hydrogen bonds on the fibril s surface, and pectin calcium salts, which form an aqueous connecting gel where side-arm carbohydrates act as hydrogen-bonded linkers (Fig. 4.2.25). 

The cellular tissue of many fruits contains cellulose associated with other substances of the nature of carbohydrates. Apples, pears, and other fruits contain a substance called pecto-cellulose, which is probably a chemical compound of cellulose and pectin, as it gives cellulose and pectic acid on hydrolysis with an alkali. Pectin, which is a complex carbohydrate present in certain fruits, is converted into pectic acid when heated with a solution of an alkali. The formation of jellies from fruits is brought about as the result of the hydrolysis of the pectin which they contain. The hydrolysis converts pectin into pectic acid, which forms calcium pectate with the calcium salts always... 

Synonyms Calcium cellulose glycolate Carboxymethylcellulose calcium Carmellose calcium Cellulose carboxymethyl ether calcium salt... 

Caustic soda, without sequestering agents, is used by some breweries to clean stainless steel equipment but this normally leads to problems with residues of calcium salts that cling tenaciously to the metal. It is therefore normal to formulate a detergent mixture capable of removing, readily and entirely, the various soils encrusted on the stainless steel internal surface. Hot caustic soda solution itself will dissolve protein, lipid, cellulose, hemi-cellulose, mucilage, gums, pectins and tannins. The effects of caustic soda and the various compounds that may be added to it in solution are indicated in Table 21.3. 

Figure 9.3. Strength of cellulose aerogels as prepared by Jin and co-workers [10] using a salt-hydrate melt to dissolve cellulose (calcium thiocyanate/water) and regeneration of the cellulose in alcohols (redrawn from [10] different units used here).

Carboxymethyl cellulose calcium By treating wood pulp with alkaU followed by methylation and then converting to Ccdcium salt Disintegrant... 

A calcium-ion-selective electrode was described by Ross in 1967. Its structural characteristics are shown in Figure 6.7. It uses a cellulose membrane (dialysis material) rather than a glass membrane. An internal liquid ion-exchange medium is used which is composed of 0.1m calcium salt of didecylphosphoric acid dissolved in di-n-octylphenyl phosphonate. 

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