Cellulose-based Green Composites

FE-SEM showed that PLA and PVOH formed two immiscible phases with a continuous PLA phase and a discontinuous PVOH phase. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites was not improved compared to its unreinforced counterpart, probably because the majority of the whiskers were located in the PVOH phase and only a negligible amount was located in the PLA phase. The small improvements for the nanocomposites in tensile modulus, tensile strength and elongation to break were noted compared to its unreinforced counterpart. 

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R. Bhardwaj, A.K. Mohanty, L.T. Drzal, F. Pourboghrat, and M. Misra, Renewable resource-based green composites from recycled cellulose fiber and poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) bioplastic. Biomacromolecules 7,2044-2051 (2006). 

Bhardwaj, R., Mohanty, A. K., Drzal, L. T., Pourboghrat, F., and Misra, M. (2006). Renewable Resource-based Green Composites Horn Recycled Cellulose Fiber and Poly(3-hydroxy-butyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Bioplastic. Biomacromolecules 7, 2044-2051. 

Xiao L, Mai Y, He F, Yu L, Zhang L, Tang H, Yang G (2012) Bio-based green composites with high performance from poly(lactic acid) and surface modified microcrystalline cellulose. J Mater Chem 22 15732-15739... 

Ashori et al. [58] used recycled PP and HDPE as matrices for lignocellulosic fiber composite using MAPP as coupling agent. This composite has been used for board preparation. Ardanuy et al. [59] prepared recycled polypropylene-based green foams reinforced with untreated and chemically treated cellulose fibers obtained from agricultural residue. Their results showed that these foams may find potential... 

The main objective of our studies was to obtain green composites from corn starch matrix and various conventional [73, 76, 77], and non-conventional cellulose sources [78]. Previously, corn starch (St) was converted to starch microparticles (StM). Further, different organic acids (adipic, malic, tartaric) were used for treatment of StM in order to obtain chemically modified starch microparticles (CMSt) according to literature data [72]. After casting and water evaporation, the starch-based films were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy methods. Opacity and water uptake of starch-based films were also evaluated. 

R. Bodirlau, C.A. Teaca, and I. Spiridon, Green composites comprising thermoplastic corn starch and various cellulose-based fillers. BioResources 9(1), 39-53 (2014). 

Thakur VK, Singha AS, Mehta IK (2010) Renewable resource-based green polymer composites analysis and characteaization. Int J Polym Anal Charact 15(3) 137-146 Thakur VK, Thakur MK (2014a) Processing and characterization of natural cellulose fibers/thermoset polymta- composites. Carbohydr Polym 109 102-117 Thakur VK, Thakur MK (2014b) Recent trends in hydrogels based on psyllium polysaccharide a review. J Cleaner Prod 82 1—15... 

Masoodi R, El-Hajjar RF, Pillai KM, Sabo R (2012) Mechanical characterization of cellulose nanofibca- and bio-based epoxy composite. Maha- Des 36 570-576 Melo Cd, Garcia PS, Grossmann MVE, YamashitaF, Dali Antonia LH, Mali S (2011) Properties of extraded xanthan-starch-clay nanocomposite films. Braz Arch Biol Technol 54 1223-1333 Mogri Z, Paul DR (2001) Water-vapor permeation in semicrystalhne and molten poly(octadecyl acrylate). J Polym Sci, Part B Polym Phys 39 979-984 Mohanty AK, Misra M, Drzal LT (2002) Sustainable bio-composites from renewable resources opportunities and challenges in the green mahaials worid. J Polym Environ 10 19-26... 

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