Cell infiltration/migration

All the jellyfish venoms are toxic but also stimulate the cell mediated and humoral immunological systems of man. After injection of large doses of jellyfish venom into human skin, a perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration appears within the dermis. This infiltration is composed predominantly of helper inducer cells which produce suppressor activity. It appears that the NK enhancement of human leukocytes in patients envenomated by Chrysaora quinquecirrha is depressed when the clinical lesion is inflammatory (10). Recovery from this suppression follows the amelioration of the acute cutaneous reaction. In other instances, envenomated patients have abnormal macrophage migration tests (11). 

Lymphohistiocytic Infiltrates The other hallmark of exposure that is common in rodents treated with PS ODNs are lymphohistiocytic infiltrates in numerous organs (Figure 24.3). These mononuclear cell infiltrates have been described in liver, kidney, salivary glands, pancreas, uterus, urinary bladder, as well as other tissues. These infiltrates will resolve after treatment is ceased, but the clearance of them is prolonged (reviewed in [43]). They have been described as perivascular in some tissues with mononuclear cells appearing to migrate from the vasculature. They are not a prominent feature in other species. 

Initially, natural decellularized arterial (ECM) was previously used as a scaffold however, this material was found to form matrices too tight for cellular migration when seeded with cells (36). To create more porous scaffolds, pure elastin and pure collagen scaffolds derived from arterial ECM were generated. The elastin scaffolds exhibited 120 pm infiltration of fibroblast cells in vitro and in vivo models showed improved cell infiltration and repopulation of the scaffold... 

These materials have an obvious application to fusiform aneurysms, which are difficult to treat using coils or liquid embolics due to migration into the parent vessel. Shape memory polymers can potentially remove this limitation since the device is pre-formed to the aneurysm topography. Metcalf et al (2003) investigated a porous polyurethane shape memory polymer as an embolic device for fusiform aneurysms in an animal model. In this study, thick neointimal formation was found over aneurysm necks after a 12-week period. The porous nature of this material may have encouraged cell infiltration and neointimal growth to seal off the aneurysm from the rest of the vasculature (Metcalfe et al,... 

Taub, D. D., Longo, D. L., and Murphy, W. J. (1996b). Human interferon-inducible protein-10 induces mononuclear cell infiltration in mice and promotes the migration of human T lymphocytes into the peripheral tissues and human peripheral blood lymphocytes-SCID mice. Blood J, 1423-1431. 

Fibers and filaments with larger microchannels, deep grooves, as well as hollow fibers induce improved capillary action that, in addition to adsorption phenomenon onto fiber surface, encourages cells adhesion but also cell infiltration and migration compared to round section fibers. Fiber topography is thus a tunable parameter to control cell migration, either to promote or restrict it. 

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