Caustic soda dilution with water

Purification of crude vinyl chloride produced by cracking and hydrochlorination, including the lowering to about 5 ppm of the butadiene content by means ofliquid/liquid countercurrent contact with hydrochloric arid, separation by distillation of the light products returned to hydrochlorination, followed by neutralization with dilute caustic soda, scrubbing with water, drying on molecular sieves, and finally the removal of heavy compounds by distillation. 

First, the tar acids were removed from the naphtha fractions of light oils and, in the case of CVR tars, carboHc oil. The oils were then mixed with 25—35% sulfuric acid. After separation of the sulfates, the aqueous solution was diluted with water and the resinous material skimmed off. The diluted sulfate solution was boiled to expel any neutral oils, dried by the addition of soHd caustic soda or a2eotropically with ben2ene, and fractionated to yield pyridine, 2-methylpyridine (a-picoline), and a fraction referred to as 90/140 bases, which consisted mainly of 3- and 4-methylpyridines and 2,6-dimethylpyridine (2,6-lutidine). Higher boiling fractions were termed 90/160 and 90/180 bases because 90% of the product distilled at 160 and 180°C, respectively. 

In the known absence of bromoform, iodoform, chloral, and other halogenated methanes, the formation of phenyhsonitrile with aniline provides a simple and faidy sensitive but nonspecific test for the presence of chloroform, the carbylamine test. Phenyhsonitrile formation is the identification test given in the British Pharmacopoeia. A small quantity of resorcinol and caustic soda solution (10% concentration) added to chloroform results in the appearance of a yellowish red color, fluorescing yeUow-green. When 0.5 mL of a 5% thymol solution is boiled with a drop of chloroform and a small quantity of potassium hydroxide solution, a yellow color with a reddish sheen develops the addition of sulfuric acid causes a change to brilliant violet, which, diluted with water, finally changes to blue (33). 

Chemical Reactivity - Reactivity with Water A slow, non-hazardous reaction occurs, forming propanolamine Reactivity with Common Materials No reactions Stability During Transport The product is stable if it is kept in contact with solid caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Dilute with water and rinse with vinegar solution Polymerization This material will polymerize explosively when in contact with any acid Inhibitor of Potymerization Solid sodium hydroxide (caustic soda). 

Chemical Reactivity - Reactivity with Water Sodium reacts violently with water, forming flammable hydrogen gas, and caustic soda solution. Fire often accompanies the reaction Reactivity with Common Materials No reactions Stability During Transport Stable Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics After the reaction with water, the caustic soda formed as a by-product can be diluted with water and then neutralized with acetic acid Polymerization Not pertinent Inhibitor of Polymerization Not pertinent. 

After the furfurel has all been added and the reaction has subsided, the residue is cooled, diluted with water, made strongly alkaline and distilled until all volatile substances are removed. The distillate is then made acid with formic acid and distilled with steam as long as nonbasic substances are carried over by the steam. The residue is then made strongly basic with caustic soda and the volatile amines again distilled with steem. The distillate is then treated with strong alkali and then extracted with ether to extract the base. The extract is dried by the addition of caustic potash, the ether removed and the residual amine purified by distillation. Furfuryl dimethyl amine boils over the range 145°C to 150°C. 

Flush eyes with water immediately. Use, the M258A1, M258, or M291 skin decontamination kit for liquid agent on the skin. Decontaminate individual equipment with the M280 individual equipment decontamination kit. Calcium hypochlorite (HTH), supertropical bleach (STB), household bleach, caustic soda, dilute alkali solutions, or decontaminating solution number 2 (DS2) are effective on equipment. Use steam and ammonia or hot, soapy water in a confined area. 

Not pertinent Behavior in Fire Not pertinent Ignition Temperature (deg. F) 1105 Electrical Hazard Not pertinent Burning Rate 2.2 mni/min. Chemical Reactivity Reactivity with Water No reaction Reactivity with Common Materials Corrodes ordinary steel and man other metals. Reaction is non-violent and generally not hazardous Stability During Transport Stable Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Dilute with water then neutralize with lime solution or soda ash Polymerization Not pertinent Inhibitor of Polymerization Not pertinent. 

The details of this preparation are practically the same as those given for p-tolu-nitrile (Preparation 82). A cuprous-potassium cyanide solution, prepared as therein described, is warmed to about 70°, and added in small portions to a solution of benzene-diazonium chloride prepared from 18-6 gms. (1 mol.) of aniline as described in Preparation 379. When the addition is complete, the liquid is warmed on a water bath for 15 minutes and distilled in steam the distillate is extracted with ether. The ethereal solution is washed repeatedly with dilute caustic soda and with dilute sulphuric acid, dried over anhydrous potassium carbonate, filtered, and the oil which remains on driving off the ether fractionated. Owing to the evolution of cyanogen and hydrocyanic acid, this preparation must be carried out in a good fume cupboard. 

The mirror on the tube is compared with a series of standard mirrors prepared in a similar manner from 0001,0 002, 0-003,. . . 0 01 milligram of As2Os. To obtain these, 01 gram of As203 is dissolved in water in presence of a very small amount of pure caustic soda and the solution made up to 1 litre, 10 c.c. of this being afterwards diluted with water to 1 litre each 1 c.c. of this second solution contains o-ooi milligram of As2Oa. 

From i to 2 grains of freshly precipitated yellow mercuric oxide are dissolved in nitric acid and the liquid treated with caustic soda solution until a small quantity of precipitate is formed, diluted with water to 15 c.c. and decanted. 

The alkaline distillate of the sample (see below in Colorimetric Method, Procedure, for sample distillation), containing 1 mL of indicator solution is titrated against standard AgN03 titrant from yellow to a salmon color. Perform a blank titration using the same amount of water and caustic soda. Dilute the sample if necessary with dilute caustic soda solution. 

Working CN standard solutions. Pipette 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mL of secondardy standard into 100-mL volumetric flasks and dilute first to 90 mL with caustic soda dilution solution and then to a final volume of 100 mL with distilled water after adding buffer and reagents. 

The indicator dissolves in a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution yielding a red color. It imparts a purple color to a 10% caustic soda solution which, after dilution with water, changes to blue. Acidification of an alkaline solution at room temperature produces an amorphous red precipitate, whereas acidification of a boiling solution yields greenish crystals. 

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