Ferrous nitrate catalyst

In aqueous solution, manganous salts are oxidised to manganese dioxide,6 and if silver nitrate is present as catalyst, to permanganate 0 the latter change constitutes Marshall s reaction. Chromium solutions in a similar manner give rise to chromate,7 even without a catalyst. Ferrous and cerous salts are converted into ferric and ceric salts, respectively, and phosphites are oxidised to phosphates. 

Buresh and Moraghan (1976) showed the thermodynamic potential of ferrous iron oxidation by nitrate, yet the reaction is not spontaneous. In the presence of solid phase Cu(II), Ag(I), Cd(II), Ni(II), and Hg(II) serving as catalysts ferrous iron can reduce nitrate rapidly (Ottley et al. 1997). Similarly, the formation of a Fe(II)-lepidocrocite (y-FeOOH)... 

Cyclopentanone has been prepared from adipic acid by distilling the calcium salt,1 heating alone 2 or with acetic anhydride,3 or in the presence of various catalysts such as barium hydroxide,4 thorium oxide,5 manganous oxide,5 uranium nitrate,6 ferrous sulfate 6 and others.7... 

The catalyst was precipitated from a warm nitrate solution (60-70°), containing ferrous and ferric ions in a ratio of approximately 1 1 and 1 % copper, by a boiling solution of sodium carbonate. After precipitation, the slurry was heated briefly to 100°C., filtered, and washed free of alkali. The catalyst was then reslurried in water and an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate (0.75%, based on iron) was carefully added with stirring. The mixture was evaporated to a paste on the water bath, and dried at 110°C. for 24 hours. The dry catalyst was crushed to granules of 2-4 mm. in size and pretreated with water gas at 325°C. and Mo atm. (4 1. gas at standard conditions per 10 g. of iron per hour). 

Ethyl acid phosphate 2-Ethylhexyl phosphate Stearyl acid phosphate catalyst, synthetic ammonia Ferrous sulfate anhydrous catalyst, tan-accelerating preps. Riboflavin-5 -phosphate sodium catalyst, textile lubricants Butyl acid phosphate Ethyl acid phosphate 2-Ethylhexyl phosphate Stearyl acid phosphate catalyst, textile printing D-Gluconic acid catalyst, thermoplastics Benzene phosphinic acid catalyst, thermosets Trimethylamine sulfur trioxide catalyst, thermosetting resin finishing Zinc nitrate... 

Chromium oxide (Cr203). Up to 0.1% colorimetrically with diphenylcarbizide at 540 nm. Above 0.1% but as a minor constituent, colorimetrically with EDTA at 550 nm. As a major constituent by oxidation to dichromate by peroxodisulfuric acid using a silver nitrate catalyst, destruction of permanganate with HCl and titration against ferrous ammonium sulfate using diphenylamine-4-sulfonate indicator. 

Accelerators have sometimes been employed in aqueous polymerization. Water-soluble metal salts of sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, and chlorides were among the effective accelerators. Specific compounds of this class include cuprous sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and silver nitrate. The amount of accelerator used in the reaction mixture was between 0.05 and 0.5 part per hundred parts of total monomers. When an activator such as sodium metabisulfite and an accelerator such as a ferrous sulfate are selected, the catalyst/initiator system is called a rec/ov system. The peroxides recommended by worked best in a redox catalyst system. 

---