Case studies in steels

Zanini, E., Bonifacio, E., Cuttica, G.C., 1992. Heavy metals in soils near a steel-making industry a case study in a complex valley situation in Italy. J. Environ. Sci. Health A27, 2019-2036. 

FIGURE 4.15 Microbial corrosion of carbon steel floor of a diesel underground storage tank caused by SRB. (From Boulton L., Microbiotogicatiy Influenced Corrosion—Case Studies in Australia, Australasian Corrosion Association, Australia, 2007. With permission.)... 

M. Sancho, J.M. Amal, G. Veidu, J. Lora, Reverse osmosis-based treatment of radioactive liquid wastes generated in hospital facility and steel industry Case studies, in A.K. Pabby, S.S.H. Rizvi, A.M. Sastre (eds.). Handbook of Membrane Separations Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Biotechnological Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, EL, 2008, Chapter 32, pp. 919-931. 

The quantity and disposition of main bonded reinforcement in the Hunterston— B P C P V is taken as a typical case study. In this chapter covering only main and local bonded reinforcement are covered. An attempt has been made to discover the need and function of main bonded steel in the prestressed concrete cylindrical pressure vessel. The same is adhered to the containment vessel. At present there is no established method available to determine the amount of such steel needed in the vessel and to adjudge its performance during working and overload conditions of the vessel. 

Dean has reported on a U.S. verification study of the ISO methodology. This study was conducted over a 4-year time period at five exposure sites and with four materials (steel, copper, zinc, and aluminum). Environmental data were used to obtain the ISO corrosivity classes, and these estimates were then compared to the corrosion classes obtained by direct coupon measurement. Overall, agreement was found in 58 percent of the cases studied. In 22 percent of the cases the estimated corrosion class was lower than the measured, and... 

The press had been designed with a capacity to deliver 280 kN press force and to work at a production rate of 40 lids per minute. Calculations to determine the distribution of forming loads required indicated that the press capacity was adequate to form the family of steel lids to be produced on the machine. One of the major areas of interest in the design was the con-rod and pin (see Figure 4.66). The first option considered was based on a previous design where the con-rod was manufactured from cast iron with phosphor bronze bearings at the big and small ends. However, weaknesses in this approach necessitated the consideration of other options. The case study presents the analysis of the pin and con-rod using simple probabilistic techniques in an attempt to provide in-service reliable press operation. The way a weak link was introduced to ensure ease of maintenance and repair in the event... 

Heat Treatment Heating of both 5 g- and 350 g-samples were studied. In the case of the 5 g-samples, the oil was placed in 225 mL round bottomed flasks which were either securely capped or left open. Surface-to-volume ratio for these samples was 22.6/cm. In case of the 350 g-samples, the oil was placed in 1 L stainless-steel beakers with internal diameters of 10.0 cm, providing a surface-to-volume ratio of 0.9/cm. Heating was conducted in a silicone oil bath, maintained at 185 2 C. 

There are studies in which the fact that active metal electrodes are covered with surface films is not so important, e.g., when these metals are used as counterelectrodes, or when they are studied as practical anodes in batteries. However, even in these cases, the native active metals as received may be covered with two thick films. It is therefore, necessary to remove the initial native film covering the active metal under an inert atmosphere. The passivating films of lithium and calcium can be scraped off with a stainless steel knife. In the case of harder active metals such as magnesium and aluminum, an abrasive cloth or... 

It was first suggested by Edeleanu (41), in die case of stainless steels, that a potentiostat approach permits a quantitative study of electroetching. The potential of an electrode immersed in a given electrolyte can be maintained constant with the potentiostat such as that used by Roberts (42). There is a simple relationship between the potential of the electrode and the dissolution rate. Fig. 15 shows the type of curve obtained with an 18/8 stainless steel in 20% sulphuric acid solution at 25°C. The concentration of the electrolyte, temperature, and the composition of the steel are important parameters. If the... 

These problems concerning a micron-scale deposit and an in volume substrate have rarely been studied in the past. However, from a survey of literature on cases other than that of SiC on steel, it was found that one or several interlayers may change the stress levels in the ceramic. Moreover, once a critical thickness has been reached, these interlayers have a beneficial effect. Some work has been carried out on TiN/ SiC layers on a variety of substrates. However, in all these studies, information on mechanical stability is fairly limited. Concerning the PECVD of SiC on cutting tools coated with TiN, adherence variations in relation to pretreatment processes were reported. ... 

Reverse Osmosis-Based Treatment of Radioactive Liquid Wastes Generated in Hospital Facility and in Steel Industry Case Studies... 

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