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Case 2 Distribution Planning

The case study considered four distribution options for the customers to receive their products. Products can be supplied from the following  [Pg.274]

P G sells over 300 brands of consumer products around the world. In 1993, P G s Operations Research (OR) team undertook a major study, called Strengthening Global Effectiveness, to restructure P G s global supply chain. A major part of the study was to examine the North American supply chain, which had 60 plants, 15 DCs, and more than 1000 customer zones. To be globally competitive, P G decided to consolidate manufacturing plants to reduce cost and improve speed to market. The OR team decomposed the [Pg.274]

The OR study was completed in 1994 and was implemented in mid-1996. It resulted in closing 20% of the manufacturing plants at 12 sites and a savings of over 200 million annually. For more details on the study, readers are referred to Camm et al. (1997). [Pg.275]


Resource Type - ATP allocation models must potentially deal with three resource types material resources, factory resources, and distribution resources. Figure 11.3 illustrates the variety of combinations that could exist in different applications. These directly impact the nature of models required. For example, in some cases the factory resource must be modeled in detail and the ATP problem can be modeled as a type of factory scheduling problem, while in other cases, its distribution planning models are appropriate. [Pg.458]

Information on implementation of GMP inspection plans is available in only some of the countries. Where data exist, they indicate that plans were successfully followed or even exceeded their targets. This applies to Cuba, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Uganda, Venezuela and Zimbabwe. For Cyprus, however, inspections of domestic plants fell short of the planned values. Cyprus has 10 domestic manufacturers, and nine inspections were planned, but in 1997 only seven were carried out. The Netherlands has 86 manufacturers and 28 inspections were planned in 1998 all of them were carried out. Venezuela has 41 manufacturers and 23 inspections were planned in 1997, of which 35 were carried out. So a low implementation rate does not necessarily indicate a low inspection rate. Enforcement measures are available in case of non-compliance in Cyprus, Estonia, Malaysia, Tunisia, Uganda, Venezuela and Zimbabwe. In Cuba, no enforcement measures are specified for failure to comply with GMP standards. Comparatively speaking, there is less likely to be a workplan for inspection of distribution channels than there is for GMP inspection. Only four countries — Cyprus, Estonia, Uganda and Venezuela — carry out inspection of distribution channels based on such a plan. [Pg.69]

For a limited number of exposure pathways (primarily inhalation of air in the vicinity of sources), pollutant fate and distribution models have been adapted to estimate population exposure. Examples of such models include the SAI and SRI methodologies developed for EPA s Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (1,2), the NAAQS Exposure Model (3), and the GEMS approach developed for EPA s Office of Toxic Substances (4). In most cases, however, fate model output will serve as an independent input to an exposure estimate. [Pg.295]

The developed value chain planning model is very comprehensive with its model basis, value, sales, distribution, production and procurement part. The comprehensiveness of the model is a logical consequence of the comprehensiveness of value chain planning requirements based on industry case and literature analysis. Conclusions ... [Pg.205]

Funding agencies must commit to encouraging and funding both the development and distribution of reference materials and certified reference materials. However, production and distribution of reference materials will not become self-supporting unless the ocean research community uses them and widely appreciates their value. At present, this is not the case therefore, any plan to produce reference materials must also be designed to encourage their use. [Pg.102]

A second example is shown in excerpt 13Q. Harpp s proposed work initially involves the collection of held data in two sampling campaigns. Following collection, the samples will be analyzed for trace and major element concentrations and isotopic ratios. In her case, the order in which she conducts these analyses is less important than how she will use the data to answer questions about plume-ridge interaction mechanisms. Thus, she organizes her proposed work (titled Proposed Plan ) not by the tests she will perform, but rather by the types of information the analyzed data will provide (i.e., information about formation mechanisms, melting dynamics, and spatial distributions). [Pg.463]

Veatch, Robert M., and Amy Haddad. Case Studies in Pharmacy Ethics. Oxford Oxford University Press, 2008. The ethical issues relate to difficult decisions faced by pharmacists (rather than pharmaceutical companies). Examples of the topics covered in this book include assisted suicide, conscientious refusal, pain management, equitable distribution of drug resources within institutions and managed care plans, confidentiality, and alternative and nontraditional therapies. Another ethical issue concerns weighing costs and benefits in helping consumers choose drugs. [Pg.171]

Alternative distribution in case both spouses are killed in a common disaster or something happens to a primary beneficiary. This is optional but a good idea to plan for in the unlikely event it might happen. [Pg.248]


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Distribution Planning

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