Carotid artery thickening

Carotid artery thickening effect. Policosanol was administered to rabbits with collars around the left carotid at doses of 5 and 25 mg/kg for 7 and 15 days or 20 mg/kg lovastatin for 15 days. There was a significant reduction in neointima in the treated animals compared with controls. The reduction in lovastatin-treated animals was sig-... 

They also seeded autologous vSMC and ECs obtained from ovine carotid arteries to study autologous tissue-engineering blood vessels in the descending aorta of juvenile sheep. They found that after three months implantation, grafts were fully patent, without dilatation, occlusion, or intimal thickening. A continuous luminal EC layer was formed. However, after six months ... 

Noa, M., R. Mas, and R. Mesa. A comparative study of policosanol vs lovastatin on intimal thickening in rabbit cuffed carotid artery. Pharmacol Res 2001 43(1) 31-37. 

Laitinen, M., Zachary, L, Breier, G., Pakkanen, T., Hakkinen, T., Luoma, J. et al. (1997b) Vegf gene transfer reduces intimal thickening via increased production of nitric oxide in carotid arteries. Hum. Gene Then, 8, 1737-1744. 

Dessi, M. et al. Influence of the human paraoxonase polymorphism (PONl 192) on the carotid-wall thickening in a healthy population. Coron. Artery Dis. 10 (1999) 595-9. 

Thyberg J, Blomgren K, Hedin U, Dryjski M (1995) Phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells during the formation of neointimal thickenings in the rat carotid artery after balloon injury an electron-microscopic and stereological study. Cell Tissue Res 281 421-433... 

Kocher O, Gabbiani F, Gabbiani G, Reidy MA, Cokay MS, Peters H, Huttner 1 (1991) Phenotypic features of smooth muscle cells during the evolution of experimental carotid artery intimal thickening. Lab Invest 65 459-470... 

Reckless J, Fleetwood G, Tilling L, Huber PAJ, Marston SB, Pritchard K (1994) Changes in the caldesmon isoform content and intimal thickening in the rabbit carotid artery induced by a silicone elastomer collar. Arterioscler Thromb 14 1837-1845... 

A cross-sectional study, ARIC, suggest that Lp(a) is a risk factor for preclinical and clinical atherosclerosis (446). However, it was found to be an independent factor associated with thickening of common carotid arteries only in severely hypercholesterolemic patients, and not in patients with moderately elevated or normal levels of blood cholesterol (447). Also, Lp(a) transgenic mice develop lipid lesions in aorta more frequently than nontransgenic animals even on a low-fat diet (448). 

Badimon JJ, Ortiz Ap Meyer B, et al, Different response to balloon angioplasty of carotid and coronary arteries effects on acute platelet deposition and intimal thickening, Atherosclerosis 1998 140(2)307-314. 

The level of oxidative protein modifications may indicate oxidative stress in normal and pathological conditions. Increased content of carbonyl groups was found in diffusely thickened intima (neointima) of arterial walls in arteriosclerotic tissues (M19). Comparison of oxidatively modified amino acids content in normal intima and in human carotid plaque samples revealed an increased content of 3-chlorotyrosine, DOPA, o-tyrosine, m-tyrosine, hydroxyleucine, hydroxyva-line, and especially, dityrosine (F17, H13). These plaques are indicative of the role of protein oxidative damage in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Postmortem studies revealed that the content of dityrosine is increased in the stage of advanced lesions. However, the o-tyrosine and m-tyrosine are not elevated in plaque proteins (H13, LI 1). The question of 3-nitrotyrosine level in atherosclerotic plaques remains unresolved, the reported data being contradictory (E6, L10, M24). 

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