Proteins oxidative damage

IwAi, K., An ubiquitin ligase recognizing a protein oxidized by iron implications for the turnover of oxidatively damaged proteins. J Biochem (Tokyo),... 

Yoshitake, S., Nanri, H., Fernando, M.R., and Minakami, S. 1994. Possible differences in the regenerative roles played by thioltransferase and thioredoxin for oxidatively damaged proteins. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 116 42—46. 

Mammalia contain two methionine sulfoxide reductases, forms A and B. Methionine sulfoxide reductase B is a selenoprotein, which reduces the R form of free or protein-bound methionine sulfoxides to methionine with thioredoxin as the reductant. Together with isoform A (which does not contain selenium), the enzyme can repair oxidatively damaged protein and thus contributes to the antioxidant system of the cell. ... 

ROS can initiate embryonic-fetal lipid peroxidation and oxidatively damage proteins and DNA, all or any one of which could adversely affect embryonic-fetal... 

The Disposable soma theory of ageing (Kirkwood 1987) included cellular maintenance systems. The amount of oxidatively damaged proteins, which results from the balance between the oxidation and elimination rate of these proteins, can be explained either by increased damage production, decreased elimination, or the combination of both phenomena (see Friguet 2002). 

Tamarit J, Cabiscol E, Ros J. Identification of the major oxidatively damaged proteins in Escherichia coli cells to oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 1998 273 3027-3032. Cabiscol E, Piulats E, Echave P, Herrero E, Ros J. Oxidative stress promotes specific protein damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2000 275 27393-27398. Lando P, Peet DJ, Whelan DA, Gorman JJ, Whitelaw ML. Asparagine hydroxylation of the HIF transactivation domain a hypoxic switch. Science 2002 295 858-861. Lipscomb EA, Sarmieres PD, Freeman RS. SM-20 is a novel mitochondrial protein that causes caspase-dependent cell death in nerve growth factor-dependent neurons. J Biol Chem 2001 276 5085-5092. 

The oxidation of proteins is a natural part of aerobic life. Various free radicals, and reactive oxygen species generated as by-products of cellular metabolism, or from environmental sources, can modify the amino acids of proteins, leading to their inactivation. The majority of these modified proteins are either repaired directly, or removed by selective proteolysis. Mammalian cells contain only limited direct repair mechanisms for oxidized proteins. The two most widely studied proteolytic systems to remove oxidatively damaged proteins are the proteasome and the Lon protease. 

---