Carmine sources

Two colorimetric methods are recommended for boron analysis. One is the curcumin method, where the sample is acidified and evaporated after addition of curcumin reagent. A red product called rosocyanine remains it is dissolved in 95 wt % ethanol and measured photometrically. Nitrate concentrations >20 mg/L interfere with this method. Another colorimetric method is based upon the reaction between boron and carminic acid in concentrated sulfuric acid to form a bluish-red or blue product. Boron concentrations can also be deterrnined by atomic absorption spectroscopy with a nitrous oxide—acetjiene flame or graphite furnace. Atomic emission with an argon plasma source can also be used for boron measurement. 

M. koenigii (Linn), commonly known as the curry leaf plant, is highly valued for its characteristic aroma and medicinal properties. Its leaves are used extensively for culinary purposes, especially in curries and chut-neys, but also in vegetable, fish and meat dishes, pickles, buttermilk preparations, curry powder blends, etc. The major volatile components in curry leaf are a-pinene, 3-caryophyllene, (Ii)-P-ocimene, linalool and P-phellandrene. M. koenigii is a rich source of carbazole alkaloids. Its leaves, roots and bark are a tonic, stomachic and carminative. It is shown to possess a hypo-cholesterol effect and many other health benefits. The crop promises great scope in various biochemical and industrial applications in the future. 

Materials. The wool fabric was a plain-weave worsted wool, style 6561, from Burlington Industries. The silk fabric was a degummed silk crepe, style 601, from Testfabrics, Inc. The dyes were >95% pure and were from the following sources alizarin (C. I. Mordant Red 8) from Aldrich Chemical Co. brazilin (C. I. Natural Red 24) from J. T. Baker Chemical Co. and carminic acid (C. I. Natural Red 4) from H. Kohnstamm Co., Inc. The five reagent grade metal salts used were aluminum potassium sulfate, stannous chloride, cupric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and potassium dichromate from J. T. Baker Chemical Co. 

USE Coloring food products and toilet prepn rations the source of carmine and carminic acid for manuf red and pink inks and lakes. 

Meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria) is a common wild plant in Britain, Europe, and North America that also contains salicin, but it is not as potent as willow bark which has a higher salicin content. Its primary medicinal actions are antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory, carminative, antacid, antiemetic, astringent, and diuretic. The flower buds of meadowsweet are the source for salicin and methyl salicylate. Ingestion of the flower buds in a tea results in the breakdown of salicin to salicylic acid. Nicholas Culpeper, a seventeenth-century English pharmacist, mentioned the use of meadowsweet flower buds to help break fevers and promote sweating during a cold or flu. 

When Hernan Cortez arrived in Mexico in 1518, he was intrigued by the beautifully colored Aztec fabrics he saw there. The source of the dye appeared to be seeds on the surface of certain cactus plants, but closer scrutiny revealed that they were not seeds at all. They were little bugs. Today, we know these insects as cochineal and the dye they yield as carmine. Montezuma, the Aztec king, was so fond of wearing robes made of carmine-dyed fabric that he imposed a tax upon his subjects to be paid in dried cochineal insects. 

Storage Store in segregated approved area keep container in cool, well-ventilated area keep container closed avoid ignition sources Uses Vehicle for pharmaceuticals carminative flavor... 

Traditional use It is used to treat edema and scurvy, dyspepsia, to improve appetite, and as a carminative. A powder of the plant is used to treat oral diseases. Tarragon from Uzbekistan has been noted to have anti-helminthic action. Leaves are also recommended as a good source of carotene (Khalmatov 1964). 

IVaditional use In folk medicine the leaves are used as a carminative. Roots are used to treat gastrointestinal diseases and to coat the digestive tract. The roots are a source of native mannose. The polysaccharide eremuran is used to produced glucose and mannose by acid hydrolysis. A high quality glue is produced from the roots (Khalmatov and Kosimov 1992). The powdered rhizomes are used to treat pyoderma (Mamedov et al. 2(X)4). 

A number of sources refer to santalin in a variety of contexts, from the preparation of lakes to its use as an adulterant. Riffault et al. (1874) cites Professor Dussauce (1861) who gives a recipe for making a lake pigment from sandalwood (q.v.) which is nearly equal to carmine in beauty and brightness . 

Carlyle (2001) found from an examination of nineteenth century English sources that various yellow lakes were differentiated, which were placed in descending order of intensity yellow carmine, Dutch pink, English pink and yellow lake this therefore is the most intense. 

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