Carcinogenesis Smoking

Wynder, E.L. Hoffmann, D. "Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke -Studies in Experimental Carcinogenesis." Academic Press, New York, 1967, p. 730. 

Palozza, P. et al., Dual role of beta-carotene in combination with cigarette smoke aqueous extract on the formation of mutagenic lipid peroxidation products in lung membranes dependence on pOj, Carcinogenesis, 2006. 

Loft, S., Vistisen, K., Ewertz, M., Tjonneland, A., Overvad, K. and Poulsen, H.E. (1992). Oxidative DNA damage estimated by 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine excretion in humans influence of smoking, gender and body mass index. Carcinogenesis 13, 2441-2447. 

Pryor, W.A. (1987). Cigarette smoke and the involvement of free radical reactions in chemical carcinogenesis. Br. J. Cancer 55, 19-23. 

The interaction of carotenoids with cigarette smoke has become a subject of interest since the results of the Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group 1994 (ATBC) and CARET (Omenn et al. 1996) studies were released. P-Carotene has been hypothesized to promote lung carcinogenesis by acting as a prooxidant in the smoke-exposed lung. Thus, the autoxidation of P-carotene in the presence of cigarette smoke was studied in model systems (toluene) (Baker et al. 1999). The major product was identified as 4-nitro-P-carotene, but apocarotenals and P-carotene epoxides were also encountered. 

Interestingly, the combined supplementation of P-carotene, a-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid has been reported to be protective against 4-(methylnitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone (NNK)-induced lung carcinogenesis in smoke-exposed ferrets through maintaining normal tissue levels... 

Palozza, P. Serini, S. Di Nicuolo, R et al. 2004a. Beta-carotene exacerbates DNA oxidative damage and modifies p53-related pathways of cell proliferation and apoptosis in cultured cells exposed to tobacco smoke condensate. Carcinogenesis 25 1315-1325. 

Human exposure to complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) occurs through inhalation of tobacco smoke and polluted indoor or outdoor air, through ingestion of certain foods and polluted water, and by dermal contact with soots, tars, and oils CO. Methylated PAH are always components of these mixtures and in some cases, as in tobacco smoke and in emissions from certain fuel processes, their concentrations can be in the same range as some unsubstituted PAH. The estimated emission of methylated PAH from mobile sources in the U.S. in 1979 was approximately 1700 metric tons (2). The occurrence of methylated and unsubstituted PAH has been recently reviewed (1, 2). In addition to their environmental occurrence, methylated PAH are among the most important model compounds in experimental carcinogenesis. 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, one of... 

McMahon, C.K. and S.N. Tsoukalas. 1978. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in forest fire smoke. Pages 61-73 in P.W. Jones and R.I. Freudenthal (eds.). Carcinogenesis —A Comprehensive Survey. Vol. 3. Polynuclear National Symposium on Analysis, Chemistry, and Biology. Raven Press, New York. 

Wynder EL. 1967. Tobacco and tobacco smoke studies in experimental carcinogenesis. New York, NY Academic Press. 

NT029 Bosio, A., C. Knorr, U. Janssen, S. Gebel, H. J. Haussmann, and T. Muller. Kinetics of gene expression profiling in Swiss 3T3 cells exposed to aqueous extracts of cigarette smoke. Carcinogenesis 2002 23(5) 741-748. 

T. A. Gasiewicz. Influence of aromatic hydrocarbon receptor-mediated events on the genotoxicity of cigarette smoke condensate. Carcinogenesis 1998 19(11) 2037-2042. 

Schepers. Evidence for peroxynitrite as an oxidative stress-inducing compound of aqueous cigarette smoke fractions. Carcinogenesis 1997 18(2) 295-301. 

NT077 Zeid, N. A., and H. K. Muller. Tobacco smoke condensate cutaneous carcinogenesis changes in Langerhans cells and tumour regression. Int J Exp Pathol 1995 76(1) 75-83. 

NT083 Muller, T., and S. Gebel. Heme oxygenase expression in Swiss 3T3 cells following exposure to aqueous cigarette smoke fractions. Carcinogenesis 1994 15(1) 67-72. 

NT089 Piao, C. Q., and T. K. Hei. The biological effectiveness of radon daughter alpha particles. 1. Radon, cigarette smoke and oncogenic transformation. Carcinogenesis 1993 14(3) 497—501. 

Yoshida, and S. Mizusaki. Identification of cembratriene-4,6-diol as anti-tumor-promoting agent from cigarette smoke condensate. Carcinogenesis... 

Pakhale, and S. V. Bhide. Mutagenicity of smoke condensate of bidi—an indigenous cigarette of India. Carcinogenesis 1984 5(9) 1179—1181. 

NT169 Ohmori, T., H. Mori, and A. Riven-son. A study of tobacco carcinogenesis XX mastocytoma induction in mice by cigarette smoke particulates ( cigarette tar ). Am J Pathol 1981 102(3) 381-387. 

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