Metal carcinogenesis

Cobalt compounds can be classified as relatively nontoxic (33). There have been few health problems associated with workplace exposure to cobalt. The primary workplace problems from cobalt exposure are fibrosis, also known as hard metal disease (34,35), asthma, and dermatitis (36). Finely powdered cobalt can cause siUcosis. There is Htfle evidence to suggest that cobalt is a carcinogen in animals and no epidemiological evidence of carcinogenesis in humans. The LD q (rat) for cobalt powder is 1500 mg/kg. The oral LD q (rat) for cobalt(II) acetate, chloride, nitrate, oxide, and sulfate are 194, 133, 198, 1700, 5000, and 279 mg/kg, respectively the intraperitoneal LD q (rat) for cobalt(III) oxide is 5000 mg/kg (37). 

Waalkes MP National Cancer Institute, NIH, Division of Cancer Etiology The mechanism of action of metals in human and rodent carcinogenesis (mouse, rat) NCI, NIH... 

Heuper, W. C. (1955b). Experimental studies in metal carcinogenesis. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 15 113. 

Intraperitoneal injection of metallic mercury in rats has produced sarcomas. The sarcomas develop without exception at those sites in direct contact with the metal, suggesting a foreign body reaction rather than chemical carcinogenesis. Mercuric chloride was tested for carcinogenicity in 2-year gavage studies in mice and rats." Three of 49 high-... 

Gilman JPW, Ruckerbauer GM. 1962. Metal carcinogenesis I Observations on the carcinogenicity of a refinery dust, cobalt oxide and colloidal thorium dioxide. Cancer Res 22 152-156. 

Gilman JPW. 1962. Metal carcinogenesis. 11. A study on the carcinogenic activity of cobalt, copper, iron and nickel compounds. Cancer Res 22 159-162. 

Hueper WC. 1958. Experimental studies in metal carcinogenesis. IX. Pulmonary lesions in guinea pigs and rats exposed to prolonged inhalation of powdered metallic nickel. Arch Pathol 65 600-607. 

FurstA. 1981. Bioassay of metals for carcinogenesis Whole animals. Environ Health Perspect 40 83-91. 

Robison SH, Cantoni O, Costa M. 1982. Strand breakage and decreased molecular weight of DNA induced by specific metal compounds. Carcinogenesis (Lond) 3 657-662. 

Carcinogenicity. A number of metals have been shown to be carcinogenic in humans or animals. Arsenic, certain chromium compounds, and nickel are known human carcinogens beryllium, cadmium, and cisplatin are probable human carcinogens. The carcinogenic action, in some cases, is thought to result from the interaction of the metallic ions with DNA (see Chapter 11 for a detailed discussion of carcinogenesis). 

Bennett BG. 1986. Chapter 8 Exposure assessment for metals involved in carcinogenesis. In O Neil IK, Schuller P, Fishbein L, ed. Environmental carcinogens selected methods of analysis. Lyon, France World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 115-128. IARC Scientific Publication 71. 

Alcedo JA, Misra M, Hamilton JW, et al. 1994. The genotoxic carcinogen chromium(VI) alters the metal-inducible expression but not the basal expression of the metallothionein gene in vivo. Carcinogenesis 15(5) 1089-1092. 

Bennett BG. 1986. Exposure assessment for metals involved in carcinogenesis. IARC Sci Publ 71 115-128. 

Dixon JR, Lowe DB, Richards DE, et al. 1970. The role of trace metals in chemical carcinogenesis Asbestos cancers. Cancer Res 30 1068-1074. 

Furst A, Haro RT. 1969. A survey of metal carcinogenesis. Prog Exp Tumor Res 12 102-133. 

Grogan CH. 1957. Experimental studies in metal Carcinogenesis VIII. On the etiological factor in chromate cancer. Cancer 10 625-638. 

Grogan CH, Oppenheimer H. 1955. Experimental studied in metal carcinogenesis. V. Interaction of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) compounds with proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys 56 204-22E... 

HueperWC. 1955. Experimental studies in metal carcinogenesis. VII. Tissue reactions to parenterally introduced powdered metallic chromium and chromite ore. J Natl Cancer Inst 16 447-469. 

HueperWC, Payne WW. 1962. Experimental studies in metal carcinogenesis. X. Cancerigenic effects of chromite ore roast deposited in muscle tissue and pleural cavity of rats. Arch Environ Health 5 51-68. 

Mikalsen SO. 1990. Effects of heavy metal ions on intercellular communication in Syrian Hamster embryo cells. Carcinogenesis 11(9) 1621-1626. 

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