Carboxylic acid IUPAC system

Aldehydes are named using either the common system or the IUPAC system. Aldehyde common names are derived from the common names of the corresponding carboxylic acid. For example ... 

Two systems are used for naming carboxylic acids the common system and the IUPAC system. 

Carboxylic acid salts are named in both the common and IUPAC systems by replacing the -ic ending of the acid name with -ate. For example, CH3COO K is potassium acetate or potassium methanoate. 

Know the systems for designating carbons in a carboxylic acid chain by numbers (IUPAC) or by Greek letters (common). 

The accepted conventional nomenclature based on the cepham (the fused /3-lactam-perhydrothiazine system) is used throughout this chapter. Carbon atom bonded to C-3 has been numbered as C-10 (or C-3 ). Stereochemistry at C-7 is specified either as absolute configuration R/S, or as a//3 depending on the orientation of the substituent, below or above the plane, respectively. The above abbreviated common names and numbering for the cephalosporins should not be confused with the IUPAC systematic nomenclature as used by Chemical Abstract, which, for example, designates 7-ACA as (6/3,7/3)-3-(acctoxymcthyl)-7-amino-8-oxo-5-thia-l-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid. 

The common method of naming aldehydes corresponds very closely to that of the related acids (see Carboxylic acids), in that the term aldehyde is added to the base name of the acid. For example, formaldehyde (qv) comes from formic acid, acetaldehyde (qv) from acetic acid, and butyraldehyde (qv) from butyric acid. If the compound contains more than two aldehyde groups, or is cyclic, the name is formed using carbaldehyde to indicate the functionality. The IUPAC system of aldehyde nomenclature drops the final e from the name of the parent acyclic hydrocarbon and adds al. If two aldehyde functional groups are present, the suffix - dial is used The prefix formyl is used with polyfunctional compounds. Examples of nomenclature types are shown in Table 1. 

IUPAC rules allow for two systems of nomenclature, depending on the complexity of the acid molecule. Carboxylic acids that are derived from open-chain alkanes are systematically named by replacing the terminal -e of the corresponding alkane name with -oic acid.The carboxyl carbon atom is numbered Cl in this system. 

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