Carbon nanotubes incorporation into

The compressive strength of PU foams can be significantly increased through the incorporation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the polymer solution prior to phase separation. The CNTs can be observed at the polymer surface, giving the surface a rough hairy texture, and appear to be uniformly distributed throughout the bulk of the material. Culture of SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cells on PU/CNT nanocomposite foams indicated that... 

Incorporation of an AQiE-multiwall-carbon nanotube biosensor into a flow system was recently reported by KandimaUa and The sensor was able to... 

Therefore, it might be possible to formulate a compound which both conducts and has all the other advantages of the green tire by the incorporation of relatively small amounts of carbon nanotubes into the silica-filled compound. 

The N-doped carbons with a nanotube backbone combine a moderate presence of micropores with the extraordinary effect of nitrogen that gives pseudocapacitance phenomena. The capacitance of the PAN/CNts composite (ca. 100 F/g) definitively exceeds the capacitance of the single components (5-20 F/g). The nitrogen functionalities, with electron donor properties, incorporated into the graphene rings have a great importance in the exceptional capacitance behavior. 

Incorporation of nitrogen into the carbons prepared via chemical vapour deposition (CVD) or into the carbon nanotubes yields highly graphitised materials with excellent structure ordering. For example, ordered mesoporous carbons containing 7.0-8.8 wt,% N have been obtained by the CVD method, using the SBA-12, SBA-15, MCM-41, MCM-48, and HMS materials as matrices and acetonitrile as carbon precursor [1],... 

The aluminum is incorporated in a tetrahedral way into the mesoporous structure, given place to Bronsted acidic sites which are corroborated by FTIR using pyridine as probe molecule. The presence of aluminum reduces the quantity of amorphous carbon produced in the synthesis of carbon nanotubes which does not happen for mesoporous silica impregnated only with iron. It was observed a decrease in thermal stability of MWCNTs due to the presence of more metal particles which help to their earlier oxidation process. 

Maehashi et al. (2007) used pyrene adsorption to make carbon nanotubes labeled with DNA aptamers and incorporated them into a field effect transistor constructed to produce a label-free biosensor. The biosensor could measure the concentration of IgE in samples down to 250 pM, as the antibody molecules bound to the aptamers on the nanotubes. Felekis and Tagmatarchis (2005) used a positively charged pyrene compound to prepare water-soluble SWNTs and then electrostatically adsorb porphyrin rings to study electron transfer interactions. Pyrene derivatives also have been used successfully to add a chromophore to carbon nanotubes using covalent coupling to an oxidized SWNT (Alvaro et al., 2004). In this case, the pyrene ring structure was not used to adsorb directly to the nanotube surface, but a side-chain functional group was used to link it covalently to modified SWNTs. 

Brown G, Bailey SR, Novotny M, Carter R, Flahaut E, Coleman KS, Hutchison JL, Green MLH, Sloan J (2003) High yield incorporation and washing properties of halides incorporated into single walled carbon nanotubes. Appl. Phys. A 76 457 162. 

Li, Y., Chen, Y., Xiang, R., Ciuparu, D., Pfefferle, L. D., Horwath, C., and Wilkins, J. A., Incorporation of single-wall carbon nanotubes into an organic polymer monolithic stationary phase for mu-HPLC and capillary electrochromatography, Analytical Chemistry 77(5), 1398-1406, 2005. 

In order to produce high-performance elastomeric materials, the incorporations of different types of nanoparticles such as layered silicates, layered double hydroxides, carbon nanotubes, and nanosilica into the elastomer matrix are now growing areas of rubber research. However, the reflection of the nano effect on the properties and performance can be realized only through a uniform and homogeneous good dispersion of filler particles in the rubber matrix. 

The incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNT)s into polymer matrices has resulted in composites that exhibit increased thermal stability, modulus, strength, electrical and optical properties (33-35). Several investigations have concluded that carbon nanotubes can also act as a nucleating agents for polymer crystallization (36,37). 

Owens and Iqbal [146] succeeded in an electrochemical hydrogenation of open-ended SWCNTs synthesized by CVD. Sheets of SWCNT bucky paper were used as the negative electrode in an electrochemical cell containing aqueous KOH solution as electrolyte. The authors claimed to have incorporated up to 6 wt. % of hydrogen into the tubes, determined by laser Raman IR spectroscopy and hydrogen release by thermolysis at 135 °C under TGA conditions [146], However, the stability of exohydrogenated carbon nanotubes and the low temperature of hydrogen release at 135 °C [146] is contradictory with the 400-500 °C reported elsewhere [79a, 145],... 

In practice, defect-free coaxial nanotubes rarely occur in experimental preparations. The observed structures include the capped, bent, and toroidal SWNTs, as well as the capped and bent, branched, and helical MWNTs. Figure 14.1.11 shows the HRTEM micrograph of a helical multiwalled carbon nanotube which incorporates a small number of five- and seven-membered rings into the graphene sheets of the nanotube surfaces. 

Figure 4.11. Schematic illustration showing the procedure for growth of carbon nanotubes on clay platelets and incorporation of CNT-clay hybrid filler into PA6 matrix for making the PA6/CNT-clay composite. Reprinted with permission from ref (55).

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