Carbon nanotube manufacturing

Jess, A., Kern, C., Schrogel, K., Jung, A., and Schiitz, W. 2006. Manufacturing of carbon nanotubes and -fibers through gas phase separation. Chemie Ingenieur Technik 78 94-100. 

Carbon monoxide off-gas, from phosphorus manufacture, 19 12 Carbon nanostructures, 27 46-58 Carbon Nanotechnologies, Inc., 2 718, 719 Carbon-nanotube fibers, 23 385-386 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 2 655, 693, 694, 719-722 20 434 27 47 8 ... 

Garcia EJ, Wardle BL, Hart AJ. Joining prepreg composite interfaces with aligned carbon nanotubes. Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing. 2008 39(6) 1065-70. 

Mitsui Chemicals is launching a new grade of carbon nanotube reinforced thermoplastic poly-imide, Aurum CNT, with supplementary specific properties such as dust reduction and antistatic behaviour. Targeted applications are, for example, processing jigs for semiconductor or hard disk manufacturing, and parts for hard disk drives. 

Martin-Femandez I, Sansa M, Esplandiu MJ et al (2010) Massive manufacture and characterization of single-walled carbon nanotube field effect transistors. Microelectron Eng 87 1554-1556... 

From the data obtained so far one could conclude that work with nanotubes should be done with precaution, and certain safety actions need to be considered working with nanotubes in laboratories and during their manufacture. The success of nanotechnologies will depend on continuing research in the area of toxicology of carbon nanotubes and the materials based on them. 

It is obvious that we are at the stage of accumulating the knowledge of how to handle safely nanosized objects. Carbon nanotubes are currently and will be in the future at the forefront among other known nanomaterials, in terms of volumes of research, manufacturing and applications in various fields of practical activities, including medicine and biology. 

Semiconductor A generic term for a device that controls electrical signals. It specifically refers to a material (such as silicon, germanium or gallium arsenide) that can be altered either to conduct electrical current or to block its passage. Carbon nanotubes may eventually be used as semiconductors. Semiconductors are partly responsible for the miniaturization of modem electronic devices, as they are vital components in computer memory and processor chips. The manufacture of semiconductors is carried out by small firms, and by industry giants such as Intel and Advanced Micro Devices. 

Anion detection at microelectrodes has not been studied widely. Amongst the first was the work of de Beer et al. [ 111 ] who manufactured a nitrite sensor with a tip just a few microns in diameter, which could detect nitrite ions down to 1 pM. This proved to be suitable for profiling the concentrations of nitrite anion within biofilms less than 1-mm thick inside water treatment plants. Other workers have found that use of an interdigitated microelectrode array [ 112] allows measurement of iodide via monitoring of its redox peak down to sub-micromole levels, making it a suitable technique for analysing mineral water. Carbon nanotubes coated onto Pt microdiscs have been utilised to make a nitrite sensor [113,114] with detection levels of 0.1 pM. Sulphide has also been detected at nickel microdiscs (50 pm diameter) [115]. 

The manufacture of a ceramic composite generally requires high temperatures. Destruction of carbon nanotubes using a hot-press technique was reported by Flahaut etal. [39], Therefore, the high-temperature degradation process of CNTs has to be further optimized to achieve proper protection of CNTs in high-temperature processes. 

The polyaniline was prepared by emulsion polymerization following the procedure outlined in US patent 5,863,465 with DNNSAused as a dopant [22]. Carbon Nanotubes (CNI) manufactured the nanotubes used in the work either by a high-pressure fabrication method (Hipco SWNT) or via laser ablation (Laser SWNT). We found that excellent dispersions of the nanotubes in PANI could be produced by two different procedures. The nanotubes could either be directly sonicated into the PANI solution or first sonicated into xylene and that dispersion afterwards sonicated into the DNNSA-PANI solution. 

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown exceptional stiffness, strength and remarkable thermal and electrical properties, which make them ideal candidates for the development of multifunctional material systems [22], Nowadays, CNTs are dispersed within polymer in order to improve their mechanical and electrical properties [23], Therefore, reinforcement of PB films by CNTs might be a strategy for manufacturing mechanically robust ion-... 

Globally, carbon nanotubes have a positive effect on the mechanical properties of all the composites with PVA matrices described in the previous sections. However, the enhancement of mechanical properties differs substantially from a material to another, depending on the type of nanotubes, or on the process used to manufacture the composite. The Young s modulus and the strength are deduced from usual tensile experiments. As depicted in Figure 11.4, PVA/nanotube composites generally follow the same tensile behavior, with a short elastic regime on the first percent strain, followed by a more or less extended plastic behavior. 

---