Carbon nanostructure

In addition to diamond and amorphous films, nanostructural forms of carbon may also be formed from the vapour phase. Here, stabilisation is achieved by the formation of closed shell structures that obviate the need for surface heteroatoms to stabilise danghng bonds, as is the case for bulk crystals of diamond and graphite. The now-classical example of closed-shell stabilisation of carbon nanostructures is the formation of C o molecules and other Fullerenes by electric arc evaporation of graphite [38] (Section 2.4). 

Hollow carbon nanostructures are exciting new systems for research and for the design of potential nano-electronic devices. Their atomic structures are closely related to their outer shapes and are described by hex-agonal/pentagonal network configttrations. The surfaces of such structures are atomically smooth and perfect. The most prominent of these objects are ftil-lerenes and nanotubesjl]. Other such novel structures are carbon onions[2] and nanocones[3]. 

Huczko, A. et al. (2005) Pulmonary toxicity of 1-D nanocarbon materials. Fullerenes, Nanotubes, and Carbon Nanostructures, 13 (2), 141—145. Grubek-Jaworska, H. et al. (2006) Preliminary results on the pathogenic effects of intratracheal exposure to onedimensional nanocarbons. Carbon,... 

Wang, J., A.D. Ebner, and J.A. Ritter, Kinetic behavior of Ti-doped NaAlH4 when cocatalyzed with carbon nanostructures, /. Phys. Chem. B, 110,17353-17358,2006. 

Zuttel, A., C. Nutzenadel, P. Sudan, P. Mauron, C. Emmenegger, S. Rentsch, L. Schlapbach, A. Weidenkaff, and T. Kiyobayashi, Hydrogen sorption by carbon nanotubes and other carbon nanostructures, ]. Alloys Compd., 2002. 

Source Adapted from Biinger, U. and Zittel, W. Hydrogen storage in carbon nanostructures—still a long road from science to commerce Appl. Phys. A-mater. 72(2), 147-151,2001. ... 

Increasing the operating temperature of a physisorption storage system will require going beyond current carbon and MOF nanostructures. A possible strategy is to enhance the sorption capacity of carbon nanostructures by doping them with certain metals, which... 

Zuttel, A., P Sudan, P. Mauron, P Wenger, Model for the hydrogen adsorption on carbon nanostructures. Mater. Sci. Process. Appl. Phys. A 78, 941-946,2004. 

Rodriguez, N.M., A. Chambers, R.T.K. Baker, Catalytic engineering of carbon nanostructures. 

Orimo, S., A. Zuttel, L. Schlapbach, G. Majer, T. Fukunaga, H. Fujii, Hydrogen interaction with carbon nanostructures Current situation and future prospects. /. Alloys Compd. 356-357 716-719, 2003. 

Guay, P., B.L. Stansfield, A. Rochefort, On the control of carbon nanostructures for hydrogen storage applications. Carbon 42,2187, 2004. 

Panella, B., M. Hirscher, S. Roth, Hydrogen adsorption in different carbon nanostructures. Carbon 43,2209-2214,2005. 

Dillon, A.C., J.L. Blackburn, P.A. Parilla, Y. Zhao, Y.-H. Kim, S.B. Zhang, A.H. Mahan, J.L. Alleman, K.M. Jones, K.E.H. Gilbert, M.J. Heben. Discovering the mechanism of H2 adsorption on aromatic carbon nanostructures to develop adsorbents for vehicular applications. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 837 (Materials for Hydrogen Storage, 2004), 2005, pp. 117-123. 

Synthesis of hydrogen-protein will be an emerging object. Hydrogen absorption by carbon nanostructure is not always due to the physical reaction. 

Carbon monoxide off-gas, from phosphorus manufacture, 19 12 Carbon nanostructures, 27 46-58 Carbon Nanotechnologies, Inc., 2 718, 719 Carbon-nanotube fibers, 23 385-386 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 2 655, 693, 694, 719-722 20 434 27 47 8 ... 

Chapter 12 - Spatial-energy criterion of structure stabilization was obtained. The computation results for a hundred binary systems correspond to the experimental data. The basic regularity of organic cyclic compound formation is given and its application for carbon nanostructures is shown. 

Formation of Carbon Nanostructures and Spatial-Energy Stabilization Criterion... 

Keywords spatial-energy parameter, compound stabilization, carbon nanostructures. 

After different allotropic modifications of carbon nanostructures (fullerenes, tubules) have been discovered, a lot of papers dedicated to the investigations of such materials, for instance [9-15] were published, determined by the perspectives of their vast application in different fields of material science. 

Cyclic organic compounds as a basic variant of carbon nanostructures. Apparently, not only inner-atom hybridization of valence orbitals of carbon atom takes place in cyclic structures, but also total hybridization of all cycle atoms. 

The application of this criterion to cyclic systems on the example of carbon nanostructure formation is given. 

Foley S, Curtis ADM, Hirsch A, Brettreich M, Pelegrin A, Seta P, Larroque C (2002b) Interaction of a water soluble fullerene derivative with reactive oxygen species and model enzymatic systems. Fullerenes Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures 10 49-67. 

Scharff P, Siegmund C, Risch K, Lysko I, Lysko O, Zherebetskyy A, Ivanisik A, Gorchinskiy A, Buzaneva E (2005) Characterization of water-soluble fullerene C-60 oxygen and hydroxyl group derivatives for photosensitizers. Fullerenes Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures 13 497-509. 

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