Carbon nanoparticles graphene

Under electron irradiation (or by other mechanisms) it is possible to generate carbon vacancies leading to the formation of extended defect domains (with the presence of pentagonal and heptagonal, and even four-membered carbon rings) showing semiconductor character. This is the mechanism of formation of semiconductor properties in quantum-dot carbon nanoparticles or graphene nanoribbon. The mechanism... 

Huang, X., Chen, Yu, H., Cai, R, Peng, S., Yan, Q.,and Hng, H. H. [2013]. Carbon buffered-transition metal oxide nanoparticle-graphene hybrid nanosheets as high-performance anode materials for lithium ion... 

Lian, W, Liu, S., Yu, J., Li, J., Cui, M., Xu, W, and Huang, J. [2013]. Electrochemical sensor using neomycin-imprinted film as recognition element based on chitosan-silver nanoparticles/graphene-multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites modified electrode. Biosens. Bioelectron., 44, pp. 70-76. 

Keywords Thermoelectric power, Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity electrical conductivity power factor, figure of merit, intrinsically conducting polymers, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, nanoparticles, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), hybrids, nanocomposites... 

Keywords Heterogeneous catalysis, carbon catalyst, graphene, metal nanoparticles... 

In addition, the advances in supramolecular chemistry, the constant pressme in device miniaturization in the electronic industry, and the development of materials with nanoscale dimensions, such as fullerene, " metallic nanoparticles, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have contributed to the rapid growth of the field in the past 30 years. 

Altough graphene structure is almost planar, it should be considered as a sort of open nanoreactor, since in several examples it is reported that it needs the combination graphene-porphirin to be effective. Therefore, we decided to extend the review to such system, also because in several cases, without the presence of graphene (for example, with amorphous carbon nanoparticles) the reactions do not work with the same efficiency. 

We anticipate that this chapter would trigger more research efforts towards finding other innovative means to render them more robust as coatings, as these carbonaceous films can be made easily in large quantities and are much less expensive than other nano-structured carbon materials. Potential future directions could be, for instance, synthesis of polymer-carbon nanocomposite surfaces made up of carbon nanotubes, graphene or other carbon nanomaterials as well as flame synthesis of other soft materials which can be thermally triggered to crosslink or polymerize during nanoparticle network deposition. 

The addition of nanoparticles such as carbon nanombes, graphene, and nanoclays to the popular PVDF piezoelectric polymer promotes the formation of the P-crystalline phase (Yoon and Kelarakis, 2014) and improves the mechanical properties of the material. 

Sun X, Li F, Shen G, Huang J, Wang X (2014) Aptasensor based on the synergistic contributions of chitosan-gold nanoparticles, graphene-gold nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes-cobalt phthalocyanine nanocomposites ftn kanamycin detection. Analyst... 

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