Carbon nanofiber-polymer composites

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The above polyolefin copolymers have also been used to prepare conventional composites and nanocomposites. However, similar to the case of polymer blends, not too many studies have been reported thus far. Recently, Kelarakis et al. (49) have mixed 10 wt% of surface-modified carbon nanofiber (MCNF) with propylene-ethylene random copolymer (propylene 84.3%). The MCNF acted as a nucleating agent for crystallization of the a-form of PP in the matrix. During deformation at room temperature, strain-induced crystallization took place, while the transformation from the 7-phase to a-phase also occurred for both unfilled and 10 wt% MCNF-filled samples. The tensile strength of the filled material was consistently higher than that of pure copolymer. These results are illustrated in Fig. 8.27. 

Particulate polymer composites with fibers are a very active area of development, particularly carbon nanotubes and nanofiber composites, and the new graphite and polymer composites [35]. This fact, combined with the continued interest in nancomoposites based in nanometric clays [36], suggests that improvements in mechanical properties of particulate and short-fiber polymer composite materials will continue to be reported. 

Figure 14.6 Sensing ofHCI and NH3 using PPy/carbon nanofiber composites (a) SEM image of the nanofiber mat and (b) TEM of a single composite nanofibers (c) responses of the composite nanocables (a and b) and bulk PPy (c and d) to NHj (a and c) and HC (b and d) (Reprinted with permission from Sensors and Actuators B Chemical, CO gas sensing from ultrathin nano-composite conducting polymer film byM. K. Ram, O. Yavuz, f. Lahsangah and M. Aldissi, 106, 2, 750-757. Copyright (2005) Elsevier Ltd)...

Zhao, Y Wang, S. Guo, Q. Shen, M. Shi, X. Hemocompatibility of electrospnn halloysite nanotube and carbon nanotnbe-doped composite poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanofibers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2012,127 (1-4), 4825-4832. 

Rakhi et al reported the conducting-polymers (polyaniline [PANI] and PPy)-coated carbon nanocoils (CNCs) as efficient binder-free electrode materials for supercapacitors for the first time, in which the CNCs acted as a perfect backbone for the uniform distribution of the conducting polymers in the composites [16]. Ihe SC and maximum storage energy per unit mass of the composites were found to be comparable to one of the best-reported values for polymer-coated MWNTs. Dumanli et al. prepared the chemically bonded carbon nanofibers (CNFs)-PPy composite via electro-polymerization of Py on CNFs [17]. It showed that the final capacitance values were highly dependent on the number of deposition cycles and deposition rates. The best result for the coiled CNF-PPy composite system was found to be 27.6 C/cm at six times cycling using 25 mV/s. 

Therefore, it can be seen from the above expression that is closely related to absorption loss (SE ). SE is also important for porous structures (e.g., foams) and for certain type of filled composites (carbon nanofibers [CNFs]/carbon nanotubes [CNTs]/graphene-filled polymers) or for certain design geometries (e.g., honeycomb lattices) [1,2,9,13,81]. It can be neglected in the case of a shield having thick absorbing elements due... 

Electrospun carbon precursor fibers, based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN] and mesophase pitch, having diameters in the range from 100 nm to a few microns, were stabilized and carbonized. These carbon nanofibers had a very high aspect ratio. Nanopores were produced in CNFs made from PAN by a high-temperature reaction with water vapor carried in nitrogen gas by increasing the surface area per unit mass of carbon black. For conductive CNT/polymer composite fibers, CNTs were incorporated into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) in iV,iV-dimethylformamide [DMF] solutions and electrospun to form CNT/PVDF fiber mats.The thinnest fiber was obtained as 7 0 nm in diameter. 

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