Composite polymer nanofibers

TABLE 6.2 Examples of composite polymer nanofibers filled with carbon nanotubes ... 

Kedem, S., J. Schmidt, Y. Paz, and Y. Cohen (2005). Composite polymer nanofibers with carbon nanombes and titanium dioxide particles. Langmuir... 

The polymer resulting from oxidation of 3,5-dimethyl aniline with palladium was also studied by transmission electron microscopy (Mallick et al. 2005). As it turned out, the polymer was formed in nanofibers. During oxidative polymerization, palladium ions were reduced and formed palladium metal. The generated metal was uniformly dispersed between the polymer nanofibers as nanoparticles of 2 mm size. So, Mallick et al. (2005) achieved a polymer- metal intimate composite material. This work should be juxtaposed to an observation by Newman and Blanchard (2006) that reaction between 4-aminophenol and hydrogen tetrachloroaurate leads to polyaniline (bearing hydroxyl groups) and metallic gold as nanoparticles. Such metal nanoparticles can well be of importance in the field of sensors, catalysis, and electronics with improved performance. 

Z-M Huang, Y.-Z. Zhang, M. Kotak, S. Ramakrishna. 2003. A review on polymer nanofibers by eleetrospinning and their applications in nanocomposites. Composites Science and Technology, 63. pp.2223-2253. 

The last method to be discussed, which is used to form polymer/ceramic composites by electrospinning, is extremely different to the methods previously described, but worth mentioning. Zuo et al. [129] used a method to create a composite scaffold that is actually the reverse of what most people are doing. Instead of mineralizing the nanofibers, Zuo et al. actually incorporated electrospun polymer nanofibers into a ceramic bone cement in order to form a composite scaffold. It was found that by incorporating electrospun nanofibers into the cement, the scaffold became less brittle and actually behaved similarly to that of a ductile material because of the fibers. Composite scaffolds with different polymers and fiber diameters were then tested in order to determine which scaffold demonstrated the most ideal mechanical properties. However, no cell studies were conducted and this method would most likely be used for a bone substitute instead of for bone regeneration applications. 

C. Su, G. Wang, F. Huang, and X. Li, Melt-processed polyaniline nanofibers/LDPE/EAA conducting composites, Polym. Compos., 29, 1177-1182 (2008). 

M. Deka, A. K. Nath, and A. Kumar, Effect of dedoped (insulating) polyaniline nanofibers on the ionic transport and interfacial stability of poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) based composite polymer electrolyte membranes, J. Membrane Set, ill, 188-194 (2009). 

K. MaUick, M.J. Witcomb, A. Dinsmore, and M.S. Scurrell, Fabrication of a metal nanoparticles and polymer nanofibers composite material by in situ chemical synthetic route, Langmuir, 21, 7964-7967 (2005). 

A gas-solid reaction was further introduced to the electrospiiming technique to incorporate semiconductor nanostructures into polymer nanofibers with better dispersion. The production of well-dispersed PbS nanoparticles in polymer fiber matrices has been achieved by this method (Lu et al., 2005). First, metal salt and polymer were codissolved into one solvent to make a homogeneous solution. Then the above solution was electrospun to obtain polymer/metal salt composite nanofibers. The composite nanofibers were finally exposed to HaS gas at room temperature to synthesize PbS nanoparticles in situ in polymer nanofibers. 

Huang, Z. M., Zhang, Y. Z., Kotaki, M., and Ramakrishna, S. A Review on Polymer Nanofibers by Electrospinning and their Applications in Nanocomposites. Composites Science cmdTechnol-ogy, 63, 2223-2253 (2003). 

Therefore, it can be seen from the above expression that is closely related to absorption loss (SE ). SE is also important for porous structures (e.g., foams) and for certain type of filled composites (carbon nanofibers [CNFs]/carbon nanotubes [CNTs]/graphene-filled polymers) or for certain design geometries (e.g., honeycomb lattices) [1,2,9,13,81]. It can be neglected in the case of a shield having thick absorbing elements due... 

This book covers the general aspects of electrospinning and discusses the fundamental concepts that can be used to produce nanofibers with the help of mathematical models and equations. It also details the methods through which different polymeric structures can be included in conjugated polymers during electrospinning to form composites or blends of conjugated polymer nanofibers. 

This book covers general aspects, fundamental concepts, and equations of electrospinning used for the production of nanofibers and reviews latest researches on inclusion of conjugated polymer in different polymeric structures such as composites or blends of conjugated polymer nanofibers obtained by electrospinning. 

Baji, A., Mai, Y.W., Wong, S.C., Abtahi, M. and Chen, P. 2010. Electrospinning of polymer nanofibers Effects on oriented morphology, structures and tensile properties. Composites ScL Technol. 70 703-718. 

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