Carbon hydrate

In spite of widespread usage of these compounds, the stmctures of only the calcium, barium, and strontium compounds are reasonably weU-estabhshed. The materials are generally made by trituratiag the oxides, or hydroxides, with aqueous hydrogen peroxide and dryiag the soHd products. The commercial products are typically mixtures of the peroxides with varyiag amounts of hydroxides, oxides, carbonates, hydrates, and peroxohydrates. 

Carbonate. Hydrated cerous carbonate, Ce2(C02)3 when prepared under ideal conditions tends to crystallize as cerous carbonate... 

Coal ash is derived from the mineral content of coal upon combustion or utilization. The minerals are present as discrete particles, cavity fillings, and aggregates of sulfides, sulfates, chlorides, carbonates, hydrates, and/or oxides. The key ash-forming elements and compounds are (4,5) ... 

Drum dryers potatoes, cereals, buttermilk, skim milk, dextrins, yeasts, instant oat meal, polyacylamides, sodium benzoate, propionates, acetates, phosphates, chelates, aluminum oxide, m-disulfuric acid, barium sulfate, calcium acetate-arsenate-carbonate-hydrate-phosphate, caustic, ferrous sulfate, glue, lead arsenate, sodium benzene sulfonate, and sodium chloride... 

Sodium carbonate hydrate contains water of crystallisation. When it is heated strongly it gives off the water of crystallisation, which can be collected. 

Plants represent a very important role in human nutrition, due to the large quantities of proteins, carbon hydrates, lipids, vitamins, antioxidants and mineral salts that its can supply. Sometimes the nutritional aspect can be associated with the flavour and fragrance of the extracts producing a high value products. In recent years one can observe an increase in research for natural sources, in particular from plant matrices, of additives with application in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. 

A classic example of a solid—fluid ceramic powder synthesis reaction is that of calcination and dehydration of natural or synthetic raw materials. Calcination reactions are common for the production of many oxides from carbonates, hydrates, sulfates, nitrates, acetates, oxalates, citrates, and so forth. In general, the reactions produce an oxide and a volatile gaseous reaction product, such as CO2, SOg, or HgO. The most extensively studied reactions of this type are the decompositions of magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, and calcium carbonate. Depending on the particular conditions of time, temperature, ambient pressure of CO2, relative humidity, particle size, and so on, the process may be controlled by a surface reaction, gas diffusion to the reacting... 

Monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates, are aldehydes or ketones that have two or more hydroxyl groups the empirical formula of many is (C-H20) , literally a "carbon hydrate." Monosaccharides are important fuel molecules as well as building blocks for nucleic acids. The smallest monosaccharides, for which n = 3, are dihydroxyacetone and eland 1-glyceraldehyde. 

Manufacture Potassium carbonate (potash) was formerly produced by the ashing of wood and other plant raw materials. Since the middle of the nineteenth century, the saline residues from the rock salt industry and salt deposits have been the raw materials for potassium carbonate production. The currently industrially most important process is the carbonation of electrolytically produced potassium hydroxide. 50% potassium hydroxide solution (e.g. from the mercury process) is saturated with carbon dioxide, the solution partially evaporated and the potassium carbonate hydrate K2CO3 1.5H2O which precipitates out is separated. After drying, the product is either marketed as potash hydrate or is calcined in a rotary tube furnace at temperatures of 250 to 350°C to anhydrous potassium carbonate. Anhydrous potassium carbonate is also produced in a fluidized bed process in which potassium hydroxide is... 

Mixture of Alkanox P24 (26741-53-7) magnesium aluminum hydroxy carbonate hydrate (11097-59-9)... 

Tufa and travertine mineralogy tends to be dominated by low-Mg calcite, although there are some examples of aragonite and disordered dolomite in lacustrine tufas (e.g. Great Salt Lake, Utah Pedone and Dickson, 2000). The rare calcium carbonate hydrate known as ikaite has also been found in tufa (Buchardt et al., 2000). Vaterite, a rare anhydrous polymorph of calcium carbonate, has also been found to be co-precipitated with calcite in pools within a travertine barrage system at Huanglong, Sichuan, China (Lu et al., 2000). 

Contrast the stabilities of the calcium versus the magnesium carbonates and comment on the possible metastability of the magnesium carbonate hydrates. 

The properties of coal ash reflect the changes that have taken place In the mineral matter through some heating process. As a result of heating the different mineral forms may have undergone decomposition (as with carbonates, hydrates), or solid-state... 

The in vivo incorporation into proteins of amino acids analogs bearing non-biological chemical reactivity within their side chain would allow a completely new chemistry of proteins. For instance, this would have applications in the design of new materials by combining proteins to synthetic polymers, nucleic acids or carbon hydrates. In the past it was shown that E. coli is extremely permissive for the incorporation of artificial amino acids (see ref. 1 for review). 

Water adds to an aldehyde or a ketone to form a hydrate. A hydrate is a molecule with two OH groups on the same carbon. Hydrates are also called ge/n-diols (gem comes from geminus, Latin for twin ). Hydrates of aldehydes or ketones are generally too unstable to be isolated because the tetrahedral carbon is attached to two oxygen atoms. 

There are two native carbonates of copper the dicarbonate, 2 CnO+CO,+aq. in the beautiful green mineral called malachite and the carbonate, hydrated, in the fine blue copper ore, CuO, HO+2(CuO, CO,). 

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