Carbon dioxide squalane

Figure 3.9 P-x behavior for the carbon dioxide-squalane system (Liphard and Schneider, 1975). At 53°C the two phases do not merge into a single fluid phase regardless of the pressure level, whereas at 60°C the two phases first merge into a single fluid phase at approximately 500 bar then split into two phases as the pressure is further increased above 1,100bar. These two isotherms are similar to isotherms and T4 in figure 3.7e, f.

Carbon dioxide-methanol system, 183 Carbon dioxide-squalane, 43 Carbon dioxide-water-acetic acid system, 180 Carbon disulfide, 20 Carboxypropyl-terminated... 

Figure 1.7 Pressure/composition diagrams for carbon dioxide/squalane system. (Data of Liphard and Schneider (1975) J. Chem. Thermodynam. 1 805.)...

The critical locus curve for the carbon dioxide/water system is approximately of the form shown by curve (d) in Figure 1.9 (a) that of the carbon dioxide/squalane system is more nearly described by curve (c), though the critical point of squalane is unattainable due to thermal decomposition. Critical loci for these and other systems in which carbon dioxide, ethane, ethylene and propane are the volatile component are given by Schneider [17]. 

The fugacity coefficient of thesolid solute dissolved in the fluid phase (0 ) has been obtained using cubic equations of state (52) and statistical mechanical perturbation theory (53). The enhancement factor, E, shown as the quantity ia brackets ia equation 2, is defined as the real solubiUty divided by the solubihty ia an ideal gas. The solubiUty ia an ideal gas is simply the vapor pressure of the sohd over the pressure. Enhancement factors of 10 are common for supercritical systems. Notable exceptions such as the squalane—carbon dioxide system may have enhancement factors greater than 10. Solubihty data can be reduced to a simple form by plotting the logarithm of the enhancement factor vs density, resulting ia a fairly linear relationship (52). 

Sovova H, Jez J, Khachaturyan M. Solubility of squalane, dionyl phthalate and glycerol in supercritical carbon dioxide. Fluid Phase Equilibria 1997 137 185. 

Mixtures of carbon dioxide with high molecular weight lipids (Figure 1.8) are probably broadly similar in their phase behaviour to the CO2/squalane system. As in the case of squalane, the critical point of the heavy component would be unattainable. 

Water, strontium hydroxide, glycerin, cetearyl alcohol, guanidine carbonate, thiolactic acid, CETEARETH-33, silica, titanium dioxide, BHA, EDTA, parfum, potassium hydroxide and squalane. 

---