Carbon dioxide process

The CNG process removes sulfurous compounds, trace contaminants, and carbon dioxide from medium to high pressure gas streams containing substantial amounts of carbon dioxide. Process features include 1) absorption of sulfurous compounds and trace contaminants with pure liquid carbon dioxide, 2) regeneration of pure carbon dioxide with simultaneous concentration of hydrogen sulfide and trace contaminants by triple-point crystallization, and 3) absorption of carbon dioxide with a slurry of organic liquid containing solid carbon dioxide. These process features utilize unique properties of carbon dioxide, and enable small driving forces for heat and mass transfer, small absorbent flows, and relatively small process equipment. 

Behr A, Becker M (2006) The telomerisation of 1,3-butadiene and carbon dioxide process development and optimisation in a continuous miniplant. Dalton Trans 4607 1613... 

The Catacarb (Catalyzed Removal of Carbon Dioxide) Process removes carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from gas streams by adsorption in a hot potassium carbonate solution that contains a proprietary catalyst. The process was developed and licensed by Eickmeyer and Associates based on work at the U.S. Bureau of Mines in the 1950 s. More than 100 plants were operating in 19971. 

Koushik, K. and U.B. Kompella (2004) Preparation of large porous deslorelin-PLGA microparticles with reduced residual solvent and cellular uptake using a supercritical carbon dioxide process. Pharmaceutical Research, 21 p. 524-535. 

Snamprogetti Spa Urea Ammonia and carbon dioxide Process is pollution-free, and energy efficient 98 2000... 

William MH, Leeuwee M, Roberson M, Bentley P. Removal of CMP and and post-CMP residue from semiconductors using supercritical carbon-dioxide process. US patent 7,064,070. 2006 Jun 20. 

The carbon dioxide processing system must be protected from particulate contaminants that can damage components such as the pumps and valves. Particulate filters with an absolute rating 0.3 microns are considered adequate. These filters are placed before the pump, the main control valve and immediately in front of the main cleaning vessel. It is also recommend that particulate filters be placed inside the separator to reduce entrained carryover to the circulating carbon dioxide system. 

Marentis, R. T. "Steps to Developing a Commercial Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Processing Plant". In Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Chromatography. Charpentier, B. A. Sevenants, M. R., Eds. ACS Symposium Series No. 366 American Chemical Society Washington, DC, 1988 p, 138. 

Todo, H. lida, K. Okamoto, H. Danjo, K. Improvement of insulin absorption from intratra-cheally administered dry powder prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide process. J. Pharm. Sci. 2003, 92 (12), 2475-2486. 

Okamoto H, Nishida S, Todo H, Sakakura Y, lida K, Danjo K. Pulmonary gene delivery by chitosan-pDNA complex powder prepared by a supercritical carbon dioxide process. J Pharm Sci 2003 92 371-379. 

Recently, a supercritical carbon dioxide process has been proposed to concentrate certain aromatic constituents in lemon oils, specifically the oxygenated components from limonene (Robey and Sunder, 1984). Although the components can be concentrated by either steam distillation or liquid-liquid extraction, these processes suffer from drawbacks, such as product degradation, low yields, or the requirement of subsequent removal of solvent. The supercritical carbon dioxide process being developed operates at 60°C this precludes degradation of the sensitive essential oils. The extraction and... 

Steps To Developing a Commercial Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Processing Plant... 

Commercialization of a supercritical carbon dioxide processed food product requires the successful application of five sequential steps 1) application of high pressure CO2 phase equilibria and fluid dynamics theory 2) knowledge of the botanicals structure and chemistry 3) performance of the "process design protocol" 4) preliminary process design and economic evaluation and 5) design, construction and start-up of the commercial-scale plant. Many decisions made during the early steps have large impacts on commercial plant performance capabilities and economic efficiency. The impact on commercial plant performance and economics should be factored into decisions made at every commercialization step. 

S. Kurosawa, A.S. Teja, J. Kowahk, and L. Tolbert, Supercritical carbon dioxide processing of conducting composites of polypyrrole and porous crosslinked polystyrene. Polymer, 47(9), 2997-3004 (2006). 

Using poly(ethylene terephthalate) near-IR spectroscopy was used to investigate the sorption rate and solubility of carbon dioxide in the polymer at elevated pressures. The effects of carbon dioxide processing on the crystallinity of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) was also studied. 40 refs. 

As outlined previously the main reason for the interest in optimised surfactants for the liquid carbon dioxide processes lies in their role as nucleation promoters. 

Figure 2.12 Video images of foam formulations with commercial surfactants of different performance in liquid carbon dioxide processes...

How are oils obtained from their seeds by enzymatic and high pressure carbon dioxide processes ... 

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