Belt Types

Reaction spinning equipment is quite similar to that of solution wet spinning. It differs principally in the use of fewer wash baths and in the use of belt-type dryers instead of heated cans. 

At temperatures above 1150°C, alloys used for the hearth or material handling systems in low and medium temperature furnaces lose strength rapidly (2) and temperatures are reached where ceramic refractories are required to support the work. This results in less use of roUer-hearth and belt-type hearths and greater use of pushers or walking-beam designs for continuous furnaces. 

Belt Typ es The patented metal-belt type (Fig. ll-53a), termed the water-bed conveyor, features a thin wall, a well-agitated fluid side for a thin water film (there are no rigid welded jackets to fail), a stainless-steel or Swedish-iron conveyor belt floated on the water... 

FIG. 11-54 Heat- transfer equipment for solidification belt type for the operation of pasrillization. Coutiesy of Sandvik, Jnc.)... 

Conveyor-Belt Devices The metal-belt type (Fig. 11. 55) is the only device in this classification of material-haudhug equipment that has had serious effort expended on it to adapt it to indirecl heat-transfer seiwice with divided solids. It features a lightweight construction of a large area with a thin metal wall. ludirect-coohiig applications have been made with poor thermal performance, as could be expected with a static layer. Auxihaiy plowlike mixing devices, which are considered an absolute necessity to secure any worthwhile results for this seiwice, restrict applications. 

Scale-Up on Rate Filtration rates calculated from bench-scale data shouldbe multiplied by a factor of 0.8 for all types of commercial units which do not employ continuous washing of the filter medium and on which there is a possibility of filter-medium bhnding. For those units which employ continuous filter-medium washing, belt-type drum and horizontal units, the scale-up fac tor maybe increased to 0.9. The use of this scale-up fac tor assumes the following ... 

Horizontal Vacuum Filters These filters are generally classified into two broad classes rotaiy circular and belt-type units. Regardless of geometiy, they have similar advantages and limitations. They pro-... 

Additional equipment is sometimes integrated vvkth horizontal-belt filters to further devv ater the cake through expression. The addition of such equipment shouldn t be confused with expression equipment that utilizes filter medium belts. Belt type expression equipment is described later in the Expression subsection. 

Rotating-drum-type and belt-type heat-transfer equipment forms granular products directly from fluid pastes and melts without intermediate preforms. These processes are described in Sec. 5 as examples of indirect heat transfer to and from the solid phase. When solidification results from melt freezing, the operation is known as flaking. If evaporation occurs, solidification is by diying. 

Belt type Speed of faster shaft (r.p.m.) Smaller pulley diameter (mm) ... 

Dry feeding requirements are similar to those for dry alum except that belt-type feeders are rarely used because of their open type of construction. Closed construction, as found in the volumetric and loss-in-weight-type feeders, generally... 

Knowing the speed (in rpm) of the smallest sheave and its pitch diameter, find the horsepower capability per V bell using the appropriate table for the V-belt type to be used (see Tables 3-9-3-16). 

Second part Belt-type intralox flat top 900, first and second part driven by one AC motor... 

H. Schauenburg, H. Schlitt, and H. Knoppel, Assessment of a Moving Belt Type HPLC-MS Interface with Respect to Its Use in Organic Water Pollution Analysis , EUR 7623, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, p. 193 (1982). 

A different iterative method for the construction of ribbon and belt type molecules using tetrafunctionalized arenes and cyclophane monomers was developed by us [42]. The newly designed key compound 23 allows a repeated elongation of a ribbon type molecule by two benzene units (Fig. 12) [43]. 

Fibers from disc-type HBCs are also obtained upon predpitation in various organic solvents. According to dectron microscopy, the predpitation process also gives rise to the formation of belt-type structures with a diameter of 05-lp.m. 

From a thermodynamic point of view, the transformation of graphite is accessible with the available experimental apparatuses, but it is kinetically impossible. Geological times, hundreds of years, are required for spontaneous formation of diamond in appropriate conditions, and kinetic factors prevent the observation of the reaction in any practical time scale. H. T. Hall has demonstrated that for graphite diamond conversion, carbon-carbon bonds must be broken in a solvent and on December 1954 realized the first synthesis of diamond, at approximately 2000 K and 10 GPa, in molten troilite (FeS) solvent, using a belt-type high-pressure-high-temperature apparatus [516-519]. Since then, many substances, minerals, and transition metals, in particular, have been... 

Belt type — a metal belt floated on water receives the molten material which breaks into flakes as the belt turns down over the return roller at (he discharge end. The cake is usually from l/8 to 5/8 inch thick. Thicker cake may require use of a top belt for addnl cooling... 

The actual drive can be of the belt type (indirect) or axial (direct). While the former puts less stress on the rotating parts, the second is simpler and is very often used nowadays. Eccentricity of rotation must be minimised nevertheless, a slight eccentricity will not affect the electrochemical measurements so long as solution which has reached the electrode does not then pass over it again [132,133]. Electrical contacts with the external electronics can be of the silver—carbon brush type or enclosed mercury. A problem with the former is that particles from the brushes can contaminate the solution if proper care is not taken and, additionally, they give quite a lot of electrical noise at low rotation speeds mercury is to be preferred in these instances (up to about 50 Hz). At higher rotation speeds, noise from mercury contacts increases considerably and silver—carbon brushes have to be used. 

Solids flow measurement is more important in the control and optimization of coal-fired power plants than in alternative energy processes. The mass flow of solids can be detected by impact flowmeters, which are relatively low-accuracy devices (1-2% FS). Better accuracy and rangeability are provided by belt-type gravimetric feeders (0.5% AF over a 10 1 range), which measure both the speed and loading on the moving belt, as shown in Figure 3.89. 

Belt-type gravimetric feeder with digital controls. 

Hardly any batch-type oilseed solvent extractors remain. Three of the more popular types currently manufactured include (1) shallow bed-type extractors, where a 0.5-1.5 m thick layer of collets or flakes is pulled across a linear screen and extracted by drenching with a countercurrent flowing miscella consisting of solvent and solubilized oil (Fig. 34.13) (2) diffusion belt type, where deeper beds of collets or flakes are conveyed on a woven mesh or folding-pan belt while drenched in countercur-... 

The bicyclic nature and relative configurations of the two endoxide bridges in 38 imposes a curvature upon the molecule which is compatible with the subsequent macropolycyclization to give a belt-type structure. Furthermore, the endoxide bridges can be easily removed from subsequent cycloadducts by dehydration, making such compounds amenable to further synthetic modification. 

Due to the constructive peculiarities in the most of widely used high pressure and temperature apparatuses including both lens and belt type ones temperature field in reaction cell has axial symmetry. Thus, one has possibility to analyze temperature conditions in reaction cells of different design by means of finite element method calculation scheme [4], Beneath we discuss the results and application of this kind of calculations of temperature fields for one possible type of lens-shaped high pressure apparatus [1],... 

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