Flux in ceramics

Lithium tetraborate [1303-94-2], is used as a flux in ceramics and in x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The salt has also been proposed for... 

Alkali feldspars find application in particular in fine ceramics where they have the function of fluxes in ceramic pastes and slips for porcelain, china, sanitary ceramics and tiles their content is in the range 10—50%. Feldspars are also used as fluxes in glazes in the glass industry, they serve as a source of AI2O3 and alkali oxides. 

Use Production of aluminum to lower the melting point and increase the conductivity of the electrolyte, flux in ceramic glazes and enamels, manufacture of aluminum silicate, catalyst. 

Use Medicine, fireproofing textiles, fungistat and mildew inhibitor, flux in ceramics. 

Anorthosite. A coarse-grained rock consisting almost exclusively of plagioclase (see under feldspar). It occurs in Canada, New York State, Norway and Russia trials have been made with this material as a flux in ceramic bodies. 

Na20.iCa0.5B203.16H20. Ulexite occurs in Chile and Argentina. Trials have been made with this mineral as a flux in ceramic glazes. 

It is also used as a flame retardant for textiles, as a flux in ceramics, and as a fung-istat. 

Ceramics - Nepheline syenite is used in sanitaryware, tiles, electrical porcelain, tableware, and glazes as an alternative to feldspar. It acts as a flux in ceramic bodies to lower firing temperatures and allow faster firing schedules. It is used in preference to feldspar when its chemistry and/or price warrants or when crystalline silica is an overriding issue. 

Borax is used in the production of pyrex glass, ceramics, as a flux in soldering and welding, and in laundering to impart a glaze to linen. 

Reactive aluminas have enabled 85, 90, and 95% -AI2O2 ceramics to be upgraded (16,17), because they could be sintered without fluxes in the temperature range of about 1723—2023 K, rather than 2073—2123 K. Advances in microminiaturization of components for the electronic, computer, and aerospace industries have been directly related to the development of low soda and reactive aluminas (18). 

Titanium raw-material utilization can be broken down as illustrated in Figure 9. About 4% of the titanium mined is used as metal, 94% is used as pigment-grade Ti02, and 2% as ore-grade mtile for fluxes and ceramics. In 1995, the estimated U.S. Ti02 pigment production was valued at 2.6 biUion and was produced by five companies at 11 plants in nine states. About 47% was used in paint, 18% in plastics, 24% in paper, and 18% in other misceUaneous appHcations (56). 

HBF4 (aq) and metal fluoroborates electroplating of metals, catalysts, fluxing in metal processing and surface treatment. HzSiF6 and its salts fluoridation of water, glass and ceramics manufacture, metal-ore treatment. 

The compound occurs in nature as the mineral, berlinite. Also, it occurs in nature in minerals, amblygonite, [NaAl(P04)(0H)j augelite, [Al2(P04)(0H)3] lazulite, [(Mg,Fe)Al2(P04)2(0H)2] variscite [(Al,Fe3+)(P04) 2H20] andwavel-lite, [Al3(0H)3 (P04)2 5H20]. It is used as flux for ceramics as cement in combination with calcium sulfate and sodium silicate and in the manufacture of special glasses. It is also used in dried gel and therapeutically as an antacid. 

Bismuth oxynitrate is used in cosmetics, enamel fluxes and ceramic glazes. Medical applications include treatment of diarrhea, and gastric ulcers and opacifier in x-ray diagnosis of ahmentary canal. ... 

Boron phosphate is used as an acid catalyst for dehydration of alcohols to olefins isomemization of olefins nitration of aromatic hydrocarbons polymerization of aldehydes and other synthetic reactions. It also is used as a flux in silica-based porcelain and ceramics special glasses and acid cleaners. 

Calcium fluoride occurs in nature as the mineral fluorspar or fluorite. It is used as a flux in ferrous metallurgy to enhance the fluidity of the slag. An important application of this compound is in the manufacture of fluorine and hydrofluoric acid, starting materials for producing many fluoroorganics. It also is used in glass and ceramics. Pure crystals are used in lasers, optics, and electronics. Other applications are in high temperature, dry-film lubricants ... 

---