Carbon-based networks

See also PBT degradation structure and properties of, 44-46 synthesis of, 106, 191 Polycaprolactam (PCA), 530, 541 Poly(e-caprolactone) (CAPA, PCL), 28, 42, 86. See also PCL degradation OH-terminated, 98-99 Polycaprolactones, 213 Poly(carbo[dimethyl]silane)s, 450, 451 Polycarbonate glycols, 207 Polycarbonate-polysulfone block copolymer, 360 Polycarbonates, 213 chemical structure of, 5 Polycarbosilanes, 450-456 Poly(chlorocarbosilanes), 454 Polycondensations, 57, 100 Poly(l,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PCT), 25 Polydimethyl siloxanes, 4 Poly(dioxanone) (PDO), 27 Poly (4,4 -dipheny lpheny lpho sphine oxide) (PAPO), 347 Polydispersity, 57 Polydispersity index, 444 Poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA), 41 Poly(DL-lactic acid) (PDLLA), 42 Polyester amides, 18 Polyester-based networks, 58-60 Polyester carbonates, 18 Polyester-ether block copolymers, 20 Polyester-ethers, 26... 

Carboxylic acids, such as adamantane-l,3,5,7-tetracarboxylic acid [43] and tetrapyr-idones (silane and carbon based) [44, 45], have been employed in the construction of 3-D diamondoid networks through self-complementary interactions, Scheme... 

Fig. 29. a LDOS of carbon nanotubes and boron-doped carbon nanotubes [177]. It is interesting to note the intrinsic metallic behaviour of the doped tubes. A possible explanation is based upon the existence of BC3 islands within the carbon hexagonal network (courtesy of P.M. Ajayan). b Microwave conductivity measurements of B-doped nanotubes obtained by arcing a mixture of h-BN and graphite in an He atmosphere exhibiting the unusual metallic behaviour [19]... 

Triazine-based networks have been produced under ionothermal conditions in molten ZnClj, followed by extraction of residual salt from the materials [15], It is certainly possible that the salt acts here as a template for pore formation indeed, ZnCl has been used previously as a porogen for the formation of activated carbon [27-29],... 

Gas sensor based on single-walled carbon nanotube networks... 

Roberts, M. E., LeMieux, M. C. and Bao, Z. (2009), Sorted and aligned single-walled carbon nanotube networks for transistor-based aqueous chemical sensors , ACS Nano, 3,3287-93. 

In carbon, the conductivity varies from 10 (ohm-cm) for amorphous carbon to approximately 300 (ohm-cm) in the longitudinal direction for PAN-based high modulus carbon fibers. Apart from relatively low conductivity, carbon has the same magnetic permeahUity as aluminum, i.e., approximately 1. In order to obtain a given damping, carbon-based fillers have to he added in higher concentrations in comparison with metallic fillers such as steel. However, special carhon hlack grades with microporous structure and increased conductivity can now be found that allow the construction of a conductive network at relatively low concentrations. 

Chen EZ, Chen CH, Hu CH, Fan SS (2008) Electrothermal actuation based on carbon nanotube network in silicone elastomer. Appl Phys Eett 92 263104... 

Cho, E.-C., Li, C.-R, Huang, J.-H., Lee, K.-C., Huang, J.-H., 2015. Three-dimensional conductive nanocomposites based on multiwaUed carbon nanotube networks and PEDOT PSS as a flexible transparent electrode for optoelectronics. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7,11668-11676. 

Grijpma, D. W., Hou, Q. P. Feijen, J. (2005) Preparation of biodegradable networks by photo-crosslinking lactide, epsilon-caprolactone and trimethylene carbonate-based oligomers functionalized with lumaric acid monoethyl ester. Biomaterials, 26, 2795-2802. 

On the other hand, a nanoparticle enhancement approach has been described by Dong et al. [71] to improve the detection sensitivity of field-effect transistors based on single-walled carbon nanotube networks (SNFETs). Figure 4.12 shows as the target DNA was hybridized with probe DNA on the device, reporter DNA labeled with Au-NPs flank a segment of the target DNA sequence. The amplified change in drain current allowed a DNA concentration down to 100 fM to be detected. 

CaMV35S 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus CPE carbon paste electrode EIS electrochemical impedance spectroscopy GCE as carbon electrode PAT phosphinothricin acetyltransferase SNFETs field-effect transistors based on sin e-walled carbon nanotube networks. 

Khalkhal and Carreau (2011) examined the linear viscoelastic properties as well as the evolution of the stmcture in multiwall carbon nanotube-epoxy suspensions at different concentration under the influence of flow history and temperature. Initially, based on the frequency sweep measurements, the critical concentration in which the storage and loss moduli shows a transition from liquid-like to solid-like behavior at low angular frequencies was found to be about 2 wt%. This transition indicates the formation of a percolated carbon nanotube network. Consequently, 2 wt% was considered as the rheological percolation threshold. The appearance of an apparent yield stress, at about 2 wt% and higher concentration in the steady shear measurements performed from the low shear of 0.01 s to high shear of 100 s confirmed the formation of a percolated network (Fig. 7.9). The authors used the Herschel-Bulkley model to estimate the apparent yield stress. As a result they showed that the apparent yield stress scales with concentration as Xy (Khalkhal and Carreau 2011). 

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