Phosphinothricin acetyltransferase

Office of Prevention, Protection and Toxic Substances Phosphinothricin acetyltransferase Phenoxybenzoic acid Polychlorinated biphenyl Polymerase chain reaction Polygalacturonase Acid dissociation constant... 

CrylF protein, phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) 5-Enolpymvylshildmate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS)... 

Phosphine complexes, osmium, 19 642 Phosphine coordination complexes, of uranium, 25 436 Phosphine derivatives, 19 28 Phosphine oxide(s), 11 495-496 19 66 predicted deviations from Raoult s law based on hydrogen-bonding interactions, 8 814t in salicylic acid manufacture, 22 8 Phosphine oxide diols/triols, 11 501 Phosphine selenides, 22 90 Phosphinic acid, 19 20, 54-55 Phosphinic anhydride, 11 499 Phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) proteins, 13 360 Phosphite esters, 19 20 Phosphites, in VDC polymer stabilization, 25 720... 

Basta is nowadays however in genetically modified, glufosinate-resistant crops. Researchers not only succeeded in isolating of phosphinothricin from the soil bacterium Streptomyces viridochromagenes, they also discovered its correspondingly detoxifying resistance gene, which encodes the enzyme phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, and is involved in the biosynthesis of bialaphos. 

First, desmethylphosphinothricin is JV-acetylated, then coupled with two alanine residues, and finally the phosphorus is methylated. [20] In this way, the formation of free phosphinothricin is avoided. In addition, the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase transfers an acetyl group to phosphinothricin itself, whereby this is inactivated and can no longer bind to glutamine synthase (see scheme on page 684). 

It was possible to transfer the phosphinothricin-acetyltransferase gene to various crops, such as rape, maize, lucerne, barley, soya beans, tomato, rice and sugar-beet. These transgenic crops now synthesise phosphinothricin-acetyl-transferase and are therefore able to escape the toxic effects of glufosinate. 

CaMV35S 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus CPE carbon paste electrode EIS electrochemical impedance spectroscopy GCE as carbon electrode PAT phosphinothricin acetyltransferase SNFETs field-effect transistors based on sin e-walled carbon nanotube networks. 

In plants, antisense RNA or otiier gene disruption methods have been used to reduce the activity of nopaline synthase (28,29), chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (30, 31), chalcone synthase (32-34), polygalacturonase (35,36), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (37), p-glucuronid e (38,39), granule-bound starch synthase (40), Rubisco (7,41,42), 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate synthase (43) and oxidase (44-46), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) (47), stearoyl-acyl carrier protein... 

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