Ionothermal conditions

Triazine-based networks have been produced under ionothermal conditions in molten ZnClj, followed by extraction of residual salt from the materials [15], It is certainly possible that the salt acts here as a template for pore formation indeed, ZnCl has been used previously as a porogen for the formation of activated carbon [27-29],... 

The synthesis is performed under ionothermal conditions and was elaborated by Kuhn et al. In this process, anhydrous ZnCla is mixed and heated in a sealed Pyrex ampoule for 48 h at 400 C. The product obtained from the reaction is stirred for 24 h in 1 M HCl and cleaned with water and THF several times. Three aromatic nitrile groups are trimerized to form a C3N3 ring by the eatalytic action of ZnCla. This ring and tetraphenylmethane form a covalently conneeted open organie framework. This reaction, when followed by FTIR, demonstrates the eompletion of the trimerization reaction as denoted by the loss of intensity of the C=N vibration at 2234 em (PAF-2 Figure 3.11). ... 

The gel is made up in a solvent medium which enables the frameworkforming species to come into solution, but should dissolve the crystalline product only sparingly. By far the most widely used solvent is water, which possesses a suitably high dipole moment (8 = 78) to permit dissolution of ionic and partially ionic solids, as well as acceptably low vapour pressures at the temperatures at which synthesis occurs at convenient rates (usually 100-200 °Q. Under these conditions the syntheses are described as hydrothermal. A more limited set of syntheses has been performed in other, non-aqueous, solvents such as alcohols, pyridine-based solvents and ionic liquids, and these are generally described as solvothermal and ionothermal. ... 

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