Carabids

Esfenvalerate Summer Cereal 2 app at 7.5 g a.i./ha and 15 g a.i./ha No significant effects on Carabids and Staphylinid beetles and short-lived effects on Lycosidae, Dipterans, and Aphids Recovery after 3 weeks... 

Peters RD, Sturz AV, Carter MA, Sanderson JB (2003) Developing disease-suppressive soils through crop rotation and tillage management practices. Soil Till Res 72 181-192 Pfiffner L, Luka H (2003) Effects of low-input farming systems on carabids and epigeal spiders - a paired farm approach. Basic Appl Ecol 4 117-127 Pimentel D, Harvey C, Resosudarmo P, Sinclair K, Kurz D, McNair M, Crist S, Shpritz L, Fitton L, Saffouri R, Blair R (1995) Environmental and economic costs of soil erosion and conservation benefits. Science 267 1117-1123... 

A detailed predator-prey analysis of the chemical relations between the carabid Pasimachus subsulcatus and the skink Eumeces inexpectus proved that the latter were repelled by constituents of the carabids secretions, indicating that the beetles are chemically protected from attacks by the lizards [85]. 

The secretion of elemental sulfur by a carabid beetle [98] is the only other known example of the production of elemental sulfur by an animal. However, it might have been overlooked in the urine and/or feces of other species, because sulfur is not detected by FID. Furthermore, due to the interconversion of S2-S8 species in the gas chromatographic column, it is eluted as a very broad... 

Cereals (wheat, barley, triticale, rye) Organic practices (lower fertility, no pesticides) No difference in epigeic collembolan composition No difference in species richness of butterflies, rove beetles, spiders, lower richness of carabids Alvarez et ai. (2001) Weibull et ai. (2003)... 

Biodynamic mixed Carabid abundance and species Booij and... 

Kromp, B. 1999. Carabid beetles in sustainable agriculture a review on pest control efficiency, cultivation impacts and enhancement. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 74 187-228. 

Its significance in metabolism is not clear. Perhaps it serves as a storage form of folate in cells that have a dormant stage, e.g., of seeds or spores.412 It may also have a regulatory function.413 In some ants and in certain beetles, it is stored and hydrolyzed to formic acid. The carabid beetle Galerita lecontei ejects a defensive spray that contains 80% formic acid.414... 

Many beneficial predatory arthropods, including ground beetles and spiders, are increased by no-till. For example, no-till soybean had 17.6 carabid beetles/m2, compared with 0.38/m2 in plowed soybean fields (House and Parmalee, 1985). Higher beneficial arthropod populations have been correlated with reductions in crop losses due to certain pests. 

Jensen, C.S., Garsdal, L. and Baatrup, E. (1997) Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and altered locomotor behavior in the carabid beetle Pterostichus cupreus. A linkage between biomarkers at two levels of biological complexity. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 16, 1727-1732. 

J0rgensen, H.B. and Lovei, G.L. (1999). Tri-trophic effect on predator feeding Consumption by the carabid Harpalus affinis of Heliothis armigera caterpillars fed on proteinase inhibitor-containing diet. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 93,113-116. 

There were also potential benefits associated with the prohibition of herbicide and insecticide applications within organic fields, especially for carabid larvae and spider communities. Within the soil, earthworms may also benefit, especially anecic and juvenile earthworms, which occur close to the soil surface and are most vulnerable to exposure to toxic pesticides. It was these groups of... 

Andersen, A. and R. Eltun (2000), Long term developments in the carabid and staphylinid (Col., Carabidae and Staphylinidae) fauna during conversion from conventional to biological... 

Armstrong, G. (1995), Carabid beetle (Coleoptera Carabidae) diversity and abundance in organic potatoes and conventionally grown seed potatoes in the north of Scotland , Pedobiologia, Vol. 39, pp. 231-237. 

Hokkanen, H. and J.K. Holopainen (1986), Carabid species and activity densities in biologically and conventionally managed cabbage fields , Journal of Applied Entomology, Vol. 102, pp. 353-363. 

Kromp, B. (1989), Carabid Beetle Communities (Carabidae, Coleopteia) in Biologically and Conventionally Farmed Agroecosystems , Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, Vol. 27, pp. 241-251. 

Kromp, B. (1990), Carabid beetles (Coleopteia, Carabidae) as bioindicators in biological and conventional farming in Austrian potato fields . Biology and Fertility of Soils, Vol. 9, pp. 182-187. 

Certain defensive secretions emitted by arthropods are especially effective since they are emitted as a mixture rather than as a single compound. Thus, the carabid beetle Helluomorphoides sp. secretion consists of formic acid and nonyl acetate. The former is an irritant while the ester acts as a penetrating promoting agent 472). 

L-Valine and L-isoleucine derivatives Methacrylic acid (D 13) and tiglic acid (D 15) Synthesized in carabids, constituents of defense secretions... 

Niemela, J., Kotze, D.J., Venn, S., Penev, L., Stoyanov, I., Spence, J., Hartley, D. and de Oca, E.M. (2002) Carabid beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Carabidae) across urban-rural gradients an international comparison. Landscape Ecology, 17(5) 387-401. 

Erwin, T.L. (1981) Taxon pulses, vicariance, and dispersal An evolutionary synthesis illustrated by carabid beetles. In Vicariance Biogeography—A Critique (eds. G. Nelson and D.E. Rosen), Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 159-196. 

Greenstone, M. H., Rowley, D. L., Heimbach, U., Lundgren, J. G., Pfannenstiel and R. S., Rehner, S. A. (2005). Barcoding generalist predators by polymerase chain reaction carabids and spiders. Molecular Ecology,... 

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