Evolutionary synthesis

J. V. Shah and A. W. Westerberg, "Evolutionary Synthesis of Heat Exchanger Networks," AIChE Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, Calif., Nov. 1975. 

The pioneering investigation in this field was that by Partridge and Peebles (1967 hereinafter PP), who computed a number of evolutionary synthesis models for a typical galaxy, assumed similar to our own. These were based on the present-day luminosity density of the Universe (see Eq. 4.57) and the relation... 

Blue and UV light from stellar populations is dominated by young, massive stars which also contribute the lion s share of the Z-elements ( metals ). Evolutionary synthesis computations show that, between the Lyman limit (912 A) and 2000 A or so, the spectrum expressed as Lv is more or less flat (Fig. 12.3). This leads to some rather simple considerations because Iv retains its value (and flatness) when the light is redshifted (see Eq. 12.1), because the degradation in energy is simply taken up by the factor dv on integration (Lilly Cowie 1987). 

As a final example, we consider torsional isomerism in 1,2-diamino- 1,2-dicy-anoethylene (DADCE) which is known to be a precursor in the evolutionary synthesis of nucleic acids128 Some torsional isomers of DADCE are shown below ... 

The analysis techniques presented earlier in this chapter can be used to test the resilience of a synthesized network, and evolutionary changes can be made to the network, if necessary, to improve its resilience. However, this type of procedure may require many evolutionary synthesis-analysis iterations, and it may not be obvious which evolutionary changes are required to improve a network s resilience. Obviously, better methods are needed which incorporate resilience into the synthesis procedure itself. 

The concept of downstream (disturbance) paths (Linnhoff and Kot-jabasakis, 1986) is a simple and intuitively appealing tool for evolutionary synthesis of resilient HENs. It can be used to identify the qualitative effects of varying uncertain supply temperatures and flow rates upon (fixed) target... 

M. Muraki, K. Kataoka, and T. Hayakawa. Evolutionary synthesis of multicomponent multiproduct separation processes. Chem. Eng. Sci., 41 1843, 1986. 

Nath, R. and Motard, R.L., "Evolutionary Synthesis of Separation Processes" 85th National Meeting, AlChE, Philadelphia, PA., June 1978. 

Stephanopoulos, G. and Westerberg, A.W., Studies in Process Synthesis—II. Evolutionary Synthesis of Optimal Process Flowsheets, Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 31, pp 195-204, 1976. 

Westerberg, A.W., Stephanopoulos, G. and Shah, J.V., "The Synthesis Problem with some Thoughts on Evolutionary Synthesis in the Design of Engineering Systems," Symp. on Basic Questions in Design Theory, Columbia University, 1974. 

This paper presents a thermodynamic availability analysis of an important process design problem, namely, the synthesis of networks of exchangers, heaters and/or coolers to transfer the excess energy from a set of hot streams to streams which require heating (cold streams). Emphasis is placed on the discussion of thermodynamic and economic (i.e., thermoeconomic) aspects of two recent methods for the evolutionary synthesis of energy-optimum and minimum-cost networks. These methods include the... 

The preceding analysis provides the thermodynamic basis of a similar stream matching rule described in Corollary 3 of reference no. 4. In the thermoeconomic approach, the thermodynamic matching rule is not only applied in the initial generation of an energy-optimum and nearly minimum-cost network, but also in the evolutionary synthesis of an energy-optimum and minimum-cost network. 

Thermodynamic and economic aspects of the preceding evolutionary rules can be illustrated by translating them into a set of basic on-diagram modifications (BODM), These modifications can be applied directly on a heat content diagram or temperature interval diagram for the systematic evolutionary synthesis of energy-optimum and minimum-cost networks. For... 

Pehler, F. A. and Liu, Y. A., "Studies in Chemical Process Design and Synthesis VI. A Thermoeconomic Approach to the Evolutionary Synthesis of Heat Exchanger Networks," Chem. Eng. Commu., in press (1983). 

Theoretical Population Genetics in the Evolutionary Synthesis (p. 65) Matthew, William Diller... 

Mayr, Ernst and Provine, William B. The Evolutionary Synthesis. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. 1980. 

Chan, W. K and Prince, R. G. H. Heuristic Evolutionary Synthesis with Non-Sharp Separators, in Third International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering, Sydney, 1988, p. 300-312 (1988). 

R. Nath and R. L. Motetd, "Evolutionary Synthesis of Separation Processes." 83th National... 

Once a good separation sequence has been developed from heuristics, improvements can be attempted by evolutionary synthesis as discussed by Seader and Westerberg." This method involves moving from a starting sequence to better and better sequences by a succession of small modifications. Each new sequence must be costed to determine if it is better. The following evolutionary rules of Stephanopoulos and Westerberg provide a systematic approach. 

Often evolutionary synthesis can lead to the optimal sequence without... 

Example 14.5. Use evolutionary synthesis to seek an improvement to the sequence that was developed from heuristics in Example 14.4. 

Evolutionary synthesis, 540 Excess free energy, 184 Exhauster, 481 Extensive variables, 239 Extract, 103 reflux, 415... 

Figure 14,9. Evolutionary synthesis for Example 14.5. (a) Starting sequence, (b) Result of first interchange, (c) Result of second and final interchange.

When this evolutionary synthesis was formulated, people did not know what are genes. In this sense, the development of synthetic evolution theory can be compared to the initial steps of thermodynamics Fourier, for instance, formulated correct heat conduction equation (and developed powerful methods to solve it — Fourier series) without any knowledge of what was heat. But once molecular nature of heat was understood, the science of thermodynamics received its natural foundation in statistical mechanics. Similarly, once the nature of genes, as the sequences of DNA coding for particular proteins, was understood — it opened up the doors for molecular understanding of evolution. And since the molecules involved are, of course, biopolymers of DNA, RNA, and proteins — we should touch upon this topic in this book. That is why we invite you to the discussion of physics underpinnings of evolution. 

Mayr, E., Provine, W.B. (eds.) (1980). The Evolutionary Synthesis. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press. McCarthy, D. (2009). Here be dragons. 

Porter B. and Merzougui T., 1997. Evolutionary synthesis of optimal control policies for manufacturing systems. Proceedings of the IEEE 6th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, pp. 304-309. 

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