Capillary leak

Cardiac arrhythmia Hypertonic crisis Pulmonary embolus Capillary leak syndrome... 

The minute capillary leaks found with a Tesla coil should be plug d with a blob of hot glass the whole joint then needs heating and annealing. When assembhng complex apparatus, parts which will become inaccessible to the flame must be tested for leaks before they are put in their final positions. 

Capillary leak Abnormally high permeability of the capillaries that allows fluid to flow excessively from the capillaries to the interstitial space. 

IL-2 may cause capillary leak syndrome with profound hypotension and patients may require vasopressor support and aggressive fluid management. Patients should be cared for in an intensive care setting... 

Sargramostim (GM-CSF) -hematopoietic growth factor -nausea and vomiting -flushing -capillary leak syndrome -fevers and chills -headache -bone pain -myalgias, arthralgias -leukocytosis... 

Symptoms Symptoms include acute onset of fever, chest tightness, cough, dyspnea, nausea, and arthralgias which occur four to eight hours after inhalational exposure. Airway necrosis and pulmonary capillary leak resulting in pulmonary edema would likely occur within eighteen to twenty-four hours, followed by severe respiratory distress and death from hypoxemia in thirty-six to seventy-two hours. 

If the distillation is carried out with a capillary leak, thus in the presence of air, decomposition of the diazo compound... 

Several serious toxicities have been observed, with a fatahty rate of 5% in the initial studies. The major adverse effect is severe hypotension in as many as 85% of patients, which may lead to myocardial infarctions, pulmonary edema, and strokes. This hypotension is thought to be due to a capillary leak syndrome resulting from extravasation of plasma proteins and fluid into ex-travascular space and a loss of vascular tone. Patients with significant cardiac, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, or CNS conditions should not receive therapy with aldesleukin. Other adverse reactions include nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, anorexia, altered mental status, fevers, and fatigue. 

T-cell proliferation, antitumor and antimicrobial effects at high dose, it induces fever and capillary leak syndrome Proliferation of early hematopoietic cells... 

The second problem concerns the method of sampling to the mass spectrometer. A mass spectrometer operates at pressures not much greater than 10 5 mm Hg, while reactions in flow systems tend to be carried out in the pressure range 10"1 to 10 mm Hg. Capillary leak inlet systems are not particularly suitable for metastable species, since considerable quenching may occur on the walls of the capillary and the sample reaching the... 

The most frequent adverse reactions associated with the administration of proleukin include fever, chills, fatigue, malaise, nausea and vomiting. It has also been associated with capillary leak syndrome (CLS). CLS is defined as a loss of vascular tone and effusion of plasma proteins and fluids into the extravascular space. This leads to hypotension and decreased organ perfusion, which may cause sudden death. Other side effects include anaphylaxis, injection site necrosis and possible autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. 

For air-sensitive compounds the capillary leak should be connected to a suitable nitrogen gas supply. 

Fig. 1. Reaction system TVs, stopcocks R, reaction vessel L, capillary leak M, manometer.

By suitable adjustments of the quantities of gas and of catalyst, a detailed study can be made of initial reactions on the catalyst surface, and these can often be largely separated from subsequent reactions owing to adsorption of fresh reactants from the gas phase. It is essential to ensure that diffusion phenomena are not rate-determining, since the gas phase is largely static. Suitable tests can be devised, for instance, the catalyst can be spread loosely over the surface of the reaction vessel or it can be tamped into a suitable containing vessel, platinum or otherwise, thus exposing a much smaller superficial area also the size of the capillary leaks can be varied. In all the work subsequently described, these tests have been applied, and it has been demonstrated that diffusion is in no case a rate-determining step. 

Although the two growth factors have similar effects on neutrophil counts, G-CSF is used more frequently because it is better tolerated. G-CSF can cause bone pain, which clears when the drug is discontinued. GM-CSF can cause more severe side effects, particularly at higher doses. These include fevers, malaise, arthralgias, myalgias, and a capillary leak syndrome characterized by peripheral edema and pleural or pericardial effusions. Allergic reactions may occur but are infrequent. Splenic rupture is a rare but serious complication of the use of G-CSF for PBSC. 

Therapy with IL-2 can cause severe and life-threatening toxicides that include hypotension and capillary leak syndrome [54]. Approximately 50-75% of patients receiving high-dose IL-2 experience grade 5-A hypotension requiring fluid resuscitation and pressor support Capillary leak syndrome that can result in ascites, respiratory distress, and pleural effusions has been observed in 10-20% of treated patients. Due to the toxicity profile, studies have evaluated the comparative efficacy of low-dose and high-dose IL-2 for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. 

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