Tesla coil

The plasma is initiated by a spark from a Tesla coil probe and is thereafter self-sustaining. The plasma itself has a characteristic torroidal doughnut shape... 

Figure 1. Apparatus for the preparation of radical anions (11). On connection of the entire vessel to the vacuum system, traces of water and oxygen on the wall are removed by heating and discharging with a tesla coil. When the apparatus is filled with purified nitrogen through A, the weighed sample of the hydrocarbon is put into B through C, a piece of sodium is put into D, and dimethoxyethane is distilled into E, where a small amount of an Na-K alloy is added. After the system is again evacuated the solvent is distilled from E into B, the bulb E is,sealed off at F, and the sodium is sublimed to form a mirror on the wall of the bulb G. After tubes at C and H are sealed off, the apparatus is pumped to high vacuum for 1 hr and then sealed off at J. Then the solution of the hydrocarbon is poured from B into G. After a time varying from several minutes to several hours, a color is observed, and the sample is ready for optical and esr measurements.

The minute capillary leaks found with a Tesla coil should be plug d with a blob of hot glass the whole joint then needs heating and annealing. When assembhng complex apparatus, parts which will become inaccessible to the flame must be tested for leaks before they are put in their final positions. 

The location of the position of double bonds in alkenes or similar compounds is a difficult process when only very small amounts of sample are available [712,713]. Hass spectrometry is often unsuited for this purpose unless the position of the double bond is fixed by derivatization. Oxidation of the double bond to either an ozonide or cis-diol, or formation of a methoxy or epoxide derivative, can be carried out on micrograms to nanograms of sample [713-716]. Single peaks can be trapped in a cooled section of a capillary tube and derivatized within the trap for reinjection. Ozonolysis is simple to carry out and occurs sufficiently rapidly that reaction temperatures of -70 C are common [436,705,707,713-717]. Several micro-ozonolysis. apparatuses are commercially available or can be readily assembled in the laboratory using standard equipment and a Tesla coil (vacuum tester) to generate the ozone. Reaction yields of ozonolysis products are typically 70 to 95t, although structures such as... 

There are at least three sets of circumstances where the Tesla coil discharge cannot be used to locate leaks ... 

Table 2.1. The colour of an electrical Tesla coil) discharge at different pressures residual gas air.

As explained on p. 22, thin glass phials cannot be tested for leaks directly with a Tesla coil, and must therefore be tested by the other method (Section 2.3.2) if they are suspected of being leaky. If a phial is leaky, it must be fused off and discarded. Because of the deleterious effect of a narrow tube on the pumping speed, the apparatus for filling phials should be joined to the vacuum line as close as possible to the pumps. 

The cross-sectional view of an inductively coupled plasma burner in Figure 21-12 shows two turns of a 27- or 41-MHz induction coil wrapped around the upper opening of the quartz apparatus. High-purity Ar gas is fed through the plasma gas inlet. After a spark from a Tesla coil ionizes Ar, free electrons are accelerated by the radio-frequency field. Electrons collide with atoms and transfer their energy to the entire gas. maintaining a temperature of 6 000 to 10 000 K. The quartz torch is protected from overheating by Ar coolant gas. 

As described in the previous chapter, in the work on electrolytic polymerization which has appeared in the literature, the active species were formed by an electrode reaction from the compounds added to the reaction system and thus initiated polymerization. However, the possibility has been considered of direct electron transfer from the cathode to monomer or from monomer to the anode forming radical-anion or -cation, followed by initiating polymerization. Polymerization of styrene initiated by an electron has been observed when the monomer was exposed to the electric discharge of a Tesla coil (74), y-radiation (75, 16) and to cathode rays from a generator of the resonant transformer type (77). 

Chlorine excitation was obtained by a corona discharge on platinum wire points at 40 kv., 2 ma., and 4-5 Me. from the tesla coil output of a vacuum system leak tester. According to Steacie (3) more than 40% atomic chlorine... 

Punching holes in glass with a Tesla coil (see Sec. 7.6.7)... 

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