Flavonoid cancer

It is important to note that diet is a complex mixture that contain compounds with varying activity. Chemical stimulators of colon cancer growth include bile acids, 1,2-diglycerides and prostaglandins which stem from consumption of fat. In contrast, fruits and vegetables contain substances such as carotenoids, flavonoids and fibre, which may inhibit cancer cell growth, and the risk of colon cancer appears to be mirrored by the ratio of plant sterols to cholesterol in the... 

Zhang S, Yang X, Coburn RA and Morris ME. Structure activity relationships and quantitative structure activity relationships for the flavonoid-mediated inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein. Biochem Pharmacol 2005 70 627-39. 

ZAVA DT, duweg(1997) Estrogenic and antiproliferative properties of genistein and other flavonoids in human breast cancer cells in vitro. Nutr Cancer. 27 31-40. 

Tea flavonoids, or tea extracts, have been linked to benefits in reducing the risk of certain cancers and cardiovascular diseases in experimental animals. However, epidemiological studies have produced inconsistent evidence in the relationship between tea drinking and cancer (Blot et a/., 1997 Goldbohm etal, 1996 Hertog eta/., 1997 Yang eta/., 1996). Therefore, further research is needed before definitive conclusions on the impact of tea consumption upon the cancer risk in humans can be reached. The metabolites of catechins and flavonols after consumption of tea infusions have scarcely been investigated, and thus more research is needed as to the role of those compounds in the reported health benefits of tea consumption. 

HERTOG M G L, HOLLMAN p c H, KATAN M B and KROMHOUT D (1993a) Intake of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids and their determinants in adults in The Netherlands , Nutr Cancer, 20, 21-9. 

WEI H, TYE L, BRESMiK E and BiRT D F (1990) Inhibitory effect of apigenin, a plant flavonoid, on epidermal ornilthine decarboxylase and skin tumor promotion in mice . Cancer Res, 50, 499-502. 

BiRT D F, HENDRicH s and WANG w (2001) Dietary agents in cancer prevention flavonoids and iso flavonoids. Pharmacol Then 90 (2-3) 157-77. 

HERTOG M G L, KROMHOUT D, ARAVANIS C, BLACKBURN H, BUZINA R, FIDANZA F, GIAMPAOLI S, JANSEN A, MENOTTI A, NEDELJKOVIC S, PEKKARINEN M, SIMIC B S, TOSHIMA H, FESKENS E J M, HOLLMAN p c H, KATAN M B (1995) Flavonoid intake and long-term risk of coronary heart disease and cancer in the Seven Coimtries study, Archives of Internal Medicine, 155, 381-6. 

Garcia, R. et al.. High intake of specific carotenoids and flavonoids does not reduce the risk of bladder cancer, Nutr. Cancer, 35, 212, 1999. 

Le Marchand, L. et al.. Intake of flavonoids and lung cancer, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 92, 154, 2000. 

Cyanidin is the most common anthocyanin in foods. In addition, anthocyanins are stabilized by the formation of complexes with other flavonoids (co-pigmentation). In the United States, the daily anthocyanin consumption is estimated at about 200 mg. Several promising studies have reported that consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods is associated with reductions of the risks of cancers - and atherosclerosis and with preventive effects against age-related neuronal and behavioral declines. These beneficial effects of anthocyanins might be related to their reported biological actions such as modulators of immune response and as antioxidants. Knowledge of anthocyanin bioavailability and metabolism is thus essential to better understand their positive health effects. 

The plant is known elaborate a series of quite unusual phenanthrene alkaloid derivatives, of which aristoliukine-C, aristofolin A and E, aristolochic acid-la methyl ester, and aristolochic acid. Other chemical constituents found in this plant are flavonoid glycosides such as kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and quercetin kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (3,4). Exposure to Aristolochiaceae family is associated with the development of cancer in humans. A significant advance is the toxicological effects of aristolochic acid has been provided by the work of Pezzuto et al. They showed that aristolochic acid is a mutagen... 

Nielsen S E, Freese R, Kleemola P and Mutanen M (2002), Flavonoids in human urine as biomarkers for intake of fruits and vegetables , Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prevent, 11, 459 166. 

Many flavonoids have antioxidant properties and as such are thought to protect humans against cardiovascular disease and cancer. Foods containing flavonoids (e.g., green tea, soy, and red wine) are touted as beneficial for health. 

In the case of a potential benefit of flavonoids in the development of cancer, these compounds may be active in the modulation of cell signaling by ... 

In Greece, a case-control study was conducted to investigate the incidence of liver cancer by estimating the consumption of six types of flavonoids with a semiquantitative questionnaire on the frequency of foods. The intake of flavones was inversely associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, irrespective of its etiology (viral or nonviral). With respect to cholangiocarcinoma, an inverse association with the consumption of flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidins, and total flavonoids studied was found. However, this last result should be viewed with caution because of the small sample size, due to the fact that this is a rare type of cancer (Lagiou and others 2008). 

Other studies have estimated the consumption of fruits or vegetables (rich in flavonoids) and have reported an inverse relationship with some types of cancer but in different extent among men and women (Park and others 2007 McCullough and others 2003 Voorrips and others 2000). 

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