Cancer comparative cytology

A fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, UroVysion, uses fluorescently labeled probes to detect aneu-ploidy of chromosomes 3,7, and 17, and deletion of the 9p21 locus that contains the tumor suppressor pi6, which is the most common alteration seen in urothelial carcinoma. Table 23-13 compares cytology with that of UroVysion for the detection of bladder cancer. 

A basic aim of chemotherapy is clearly to obtain a selective effect between a normal host cell and the invading cell, be it bacterial, protozoal, or cancerous. This selectivity may be achieved by differences in distribution, comparative biochemistry, or comparative cytology [1], the damage induced eventually rendering the attacked cell more susceptible to the host s defense mechanisms. 

Cancer, Much of the most effective treatment of cancer with drugs depends on comparative cytology. Cancer cells are normally highly-specialized cells which have lost some or all of their differentiation. In short, they have regressed to a much simpler, more primitive type of cell which (unlike the normal parent) divides continuously though inefficiently. Because a much higher proportion of cancer cells are actively... 

The rapid thrust of discovery has furnished many new and exciting data which have been incorporated in space vacated by material of less current relevance. At the end of Part Two a new chapter has been added on the perfection of a discovery, regardless of whether the latter was chanced upon, or found by the exercise of logic (Chapter 16). The chapter on selectivity through comparative cytology has been largely rewritten with special attention to cell de-differentiation and cancer (Chapter 5). The chapter on pharmacodynamics has been more usefully restructured (Chapter 7). The former, very short chapter on free radicals has been dismantled, and its contents distributed to more relevant chapters. 

BTA stat. test strip. A niulticenter trial compared the BTA stat. test with voided urine cytology studies in 499 patients undergoing surveillance cystoscopy for recurrent bladder cancer. The BTA stat. test identified 40% of patients with positive cystoscopy results, and cytology detected 17%. A positive test may provide a higher degree of suspicion for recurrence. A quantitative test in ELISA format, BTA TRAK, is also availabie. 

Eissa S, SweUam M, Sadek M, et al. Comparative evaluation of the nuclear matrix protein, fibronectin, urinary bladder cancer antigen and voided urine cytology in the detection of bladder tumors. J Urol 2002 168 465-69. 

Moonen PM, Merkx GF, Peelen P, et al. UroVysion compared with cytology and quantitative cytology in the surveillance of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Eur Urol. 2007 51 1275. 

Yoshida T, Fukuda T, Sano T, et al. Usefulness of liquid-based cytology specimens for the immunocytochemical study of pl6 expression and human papillomavirus testing A comparative study using simultaneously sampled histology materials. Cancer. 2004 102 100-108. 

Placer J, Espinet B, Salido M, et al. Clinical utility of a multiprobe PISH assay in voided urine specimens for the detection of bladder cancer and its recurrences, compared with urinary cytology. Eur Urol. 2002 42 547-552. 

Ballo MS, Sneige N (1996) Can core needle biopsy replace fine-needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of palpable breast carcinoma. A comparative study of 124 women. Cancer 78 773-777... 

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