Cancer, chemotherapy

Fluorouracil is one component of a mixture of three drugs used in breast cancer chemotherapy What is its stmcture" ... 

Fluorinated Heterocyclic Compounds. HeterocycHc compounds containing the CF group are prepared by methods similar to those used in the fluorination of aHphatic compounds. The direct action of fluorine on uracil yields the cancer chemotherapy agent, 5-fluorouracil [51-21-8] as one special example of a selective fluorination on a commercial scale (25). 

FLUOROPYRIMIDINES Fluoropyrknidines find diverse use in cancer chemotherapy and other dmg appHcations, as well as in fiber-reactive dyes. Table 13 fists physical properties of representative fluoropyrknidines. 

Fluoropyrknidine derivatives are of tremendous importance in cancer chemotherapy, eg, 5-fluorouracil [51-21-8] (5-FU). The original 5-fluorouracil process featured a multistep low yield route based on ethyl fluoroacetate (451). Direct fluorination (fluorine) of uracil [66-22-8] gives high yields of 5-FU (452—455). This process has now been commercialized. 

Dronabinol is indicated for the treatment of the nausea and vomiting produced by cancer chemotherapy in patients who have failed to respond adequately to other conventional treatments. This agent may be habit forming and can be expected to produce disturbing psychomimetic reactions. It should only be used under close supervision. 

L-Fohc acid is available as a crystalline dihydrate containing 8% water. Approximately 80% of the commercial production is consumed for feed enrichment in animal nutrition. FoHc acid is being offered by the pharmaceutical industry for therapeutic and prophylactic use (see Pharmaceuticals). Pharmacological doses of fohc acid are commonly used as a rescue dose during cancer chemotherapy, in women using oral contraceptives, and alcohoHcs. Several studies have provided evidence that multivitamins or foHc acid (0.8—4 mg/day) supplementation prevent the majority of neural tube defects (101). 

U. HoUstein, Chem. Rev. 74, 625 (1974) "Sebnan A. Waksman Conference on Actinomycins Their Potential for Cancer Chemotherapy," Cancer Chemother. Rept. 58 (1974). 

Despite dramatic advances in the treatment of several human malignancies including Hodgkin s lymphomas and leukemias, dmg resistance remains a pressing issue in cancer chemotherapy. Acquired or induced dmg resistance afflicts practically all classes of cancer agents. It usually is manifested clinically... 

Infusion devices have been used for diabetes, cancer chemotherapy, pain control (patient-controUed analgesia, ie, PGA), infection, Alzheimer s disease, Parkinson s, nausea, thalassemia, thromboembolism, and to treat severe spasms resulting from spiaal cord iajury (140—143). 

Oncolytic Enzymes. An early report of cancer chemotherapy using an enzyme, pepsin [9001 -75-6] was pubHshed in 1922 (18) its clinical use was surrounded by controversy. 

Therapy with L-asparaginase is most successful against tumors exhibiting a deficiency in the synthesis of L-asparagine. Most normal cells exhibit a healthy capacity to synthesize this nonessential amino acid and are not damaged by exposure to L-asparaginase (23). This finding demonstrates that biochemical differences between normal and cancer cells can be exploited for successful cancer chemotherapy. 

Dibenzo[a,g]quinolizinium salts in cancer chemotherapy, 2, 571 hydroxylation, 2, 532 interaction with DNA, 2, 527 reactions... 

Therapeutic Function Cancer chemotherapy Chemical Name Estradiol-3-N-bis( -chloroethyl)carbamate Common Name —... 

Therapeutic Function Antiviral cancer chemotherapy Chemical Name 2 -deoxy-5-fluorouridine Common Name —... 

Therapeutic Function Cancer chemotherapy Chemical Name 5-fluoro-2,4(1 H,3H)-pyrimidinedione Common Name 5-fluorouracil Structural Formula h... 

Therapeutic Function Cancer chemotherapy Chemical Name 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-L-phenylalanine Common Name Alanine nitrogen mustard L-sarcolysine Structural Formula... 

Therapeutic Function Cancer chemotherapy Chemical Name 2-aminopurine-6-thiol Common Name -Structural Formula SH... 

---