Cancer chemotherapy principles

Grem JL. Fluorinated pyrimidines. In Chabner BA, Collins JM, editors. Cancer Chemotherapy Principles and Practice. Philadelphia Lippincoft, 1990 180-225. 

Swain. S.M. a/. (1990) Endocrine therapies of carKer. in Cancer Chemotherapy Principles and Practice. Chabner. BA. et a/.. Lippincott, Philadelphia. 

Dronabinol (tetrahydrocannabinol), the active principle from cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids, nabilone and levonantradol are effective in treating nausea and vomiting in cancer chemotherapy. The mode of action is unclear but appears to involve cannabinoid CBi receptors. Cannabinoids have been shown to reduce acetylcholine release in the cortex and hippocampus, and have been suggested to inhibit medullary activity by a cortical action. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and release of endorphins may also be involved in the antiemetic effect. A review of trials of dronabinol, nabilone or levonantradol concluded that while the cannabinoids were superior to placebo or dopamine receptor antagonists in controlling emesis... 

Doroshaw JH, Cancer Chemotherapy and Biotherapy Principles and Practice, (eds Chabner BA and Longo DL) pp. 409-433. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA. 1996. 

Cyclicity of administration is vital in the use of 5-FU as a radiosensitizer. The concept of cyclical treatment has been well established in cancer chemotherapy and alien to classical radiation therapy (where it is termed split-course therapy). 5-FU radio-sensitizes tumor tissue as well as normal cells. However, this normal tissue radio-sensitizationis limited to the irradiated field. Suitable fractionation (i.e., cyclical therapy) can permit rapid normal tissue recovery (23). The results of infused 5-FU and radiation in head and neck cancer supports the principle that cyclical treatment with 5-FU does not suffer from the limitations apparent in split-course radiation treatments. 

When cancer is diagnosed, three primary treatment modalities are available surgery, radiation treatment, and cancer chemotherapy. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the basic rationale of cancer chemotherapy and to provide an overview of the drugs that are currently available to treat specific forms of cancer. Rehabilitation specialists will routinely work with patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. For reasons that will become apparent in this chapter, these drugs tend to produce toxic effects that directly influence physical therapy and occupational therapy procedures. Therefore, this chapter should provide therapists with a better understanding of the pharmacodynamic principles and beneficial effects, as well as the reasons for the potential adverse effects of these important drugs. 

Messman, R.A. and Allegra, C.J. (2001) Antifolates in Cancer Chemotherapy and Biotherapy in Cancer chemotherapy and biotherapy principles and practice, pp. 139 (Chabner, B.A. and Longo, D.L., Eds.) Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Philadelphia. 

Chabner, B. A. Longo, D. L. In Cancer Chemotherapy and Biology Principles and Practice 2nd ed Lippincott-Raven Philadelphia, 1996, pp 149-211. 

Brock N, Pohl J. 1984. Regional detoxification A principle for increasing the selectivity of cancer chemotherapy. In Kuemmerle HP, Berkarda B, Karrer K, Mathe G, eds. Clinical chemotherapy. Volume III Antineoplastic Chemotherapy. New York, Thieme-Stratton, 389-412. 

The British Oncology Pharmacy Association (BOPA) (2004) produced a position statement on the safe practice and pharmaceutical care of patients receiving oral anti-cancer chemotherapy. Within this document, there are numerous principles that should be adhered to including ... 

That is why the best strategy of cancer chemotherapy is medical treatment at minimum tumor size before the cells will acquire resistance and ability to metastasis. Correspondingly, if the treatment was started then maximum number of effective preparations should be applied as soon as possible. The main problem at that is prevention of development of cells resistance to a lot of cytostatic agents in the case of acquiring of such ability in relation to one of them. This recommendation corresponds to principles underlying combined chemotherapy. 

This chapter discusses four important considerations in drug discovery definition of drug targets, generating diversity, definition of lead structures, and qualifying leads for transition to early trials. Many of the examples will be drawn from the realm of cancer chemotherapy, but the principles should be broadly applicable to a wide variety of disease types. 

Hande KR (2001) Purine antimetabolites. In Cancer Chemotherapy and biotherapy. Principles and practice (Chabner BA, Longo DL, eds), pp 295-314. Philadelphia Lipincott Williams and Wilkins. 

Chabner BA, Myers CE. Clinical pharmacology of cancer chemotherapy. In Devita VT, Heilman S, Rosenberg SA, editors. Cancer Principles and Practice of Oncology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia Lippincoft, 1990 349-95. 

Why then, since such an abundance of metabolic inhibitors is available, do so few of them find practical application Examples are the folic acid reductase inhibitors, such as aminopterin, the purine and pyrimidine analogs used as cytostatics in cancer chemotherapy and known for their high toxicity in a wide variety of species, and the organic phosphates and carbamates used as insecticides but also highly toxic to mammals. Lack of selectivity in the action of metabolic inhibitors is inherent in their mechanism of action due to the universality of biochemical processes and principles throughout nature. Selectivity in action requires species differences in biochemistry. For the antivitamins, for instance, there is not only a lack of species differences in action in addition, the fact that vitamins often serve as cofactors for a variety of enzymes is a serious drawback to endeavors to obtain agents with species-selective action. 

Carmichael J (1992) The principles of cancer chemotherapy. In Grahame-Smith DG, Aronson JK (eds) Oxford textbook of clinical pharmacology, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 505-515... 

The study of tumor growth forms the foundation for many of the basic principles of modem cancer chemotherapy. The growth of most tumors is illustrated by the Gompertzian tumor growth curve (Fig. 124-5). Gompertz was a German insurance actuary who described the relationship between age and expected death. This mathematical model also approximates tumor-cell proliferation. In the... 

Haskell CM. Principles of cancer chemotherapy. In Haskell CM, ed. Cancer Treatment, 5th ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 2001 62-86. 

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