Canadian Yukon

Gamberg, M. and A.M. Scheuhammer. 1994. Cadmium in caribou and muskoxen from the Canadian Yukon and Northwest Territories. Science of the Total Environment 143 221-234. 

TABLE 1 POWER NEEDS FOR MINES BSf THE CANADIAN YUKON [ 18]... 

The lignite deposits of North Dakota and Montana extend into Canada as far as Saskatchewan. Canadian deposits are also located in Alberta, Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Ontario, and Manitoba. Production by open-cast mining, ca3.5 x 10 t in 1975, was 10.8 x 10 t in 1989. 

The mink Mustela vision) is a piscivorous mammal that also has been exposed to relatively high dietary levels of methyl mercury in North America in recent times. In a Canadian study, mink trapped in Yukon territory, Ontario, and Nova Scotia were analyzed for levels of mercury and abundance of muscarinic, cholinergic and dopaminergic receptors in the brain (Basu et al. 2005). A correlation was found between total Hg levels and abundance of muscarinic receptors, but a negative correlation was found between total Hg and abundance of dopaminergic receptors. Thus, it was suggested that environmentally relevant concentrations of Hg (much of it in methyl form) may alter neurochemical function. The highest levels of mercury contamination were found in mink from Nova Scotia that had a mean concentration of total Hg of 5.7 pg/g in brain, 90% of which was methyl mercury. 

The regional-based survey pattern of the GSC-determined Hg concentrations (ppb) in stream sediments across Canada is shown in Fig.1. Of particular interest are (i) the high Hg concentration cluster near the central north-eastern border of the Yukon Territory (Survey Zone 3), (ii) the somewhat elevated background levels in the southern portions of the Canadian Shield along the Great Lakes, (iii) the scattered pattern of similar values throughout British Columbia, Labrador and... 

Jonasson, I.R. Goodfellow, W.D. 1986. Sedimentary and diagenetic textures, and deformation structures within sulfide zone of Howards Pass (XY) Zn-Pb deposit, Yukon and Northwest Territories. In Mineral Deposits of Northern Cordillera, Special Volume 37, Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 51-70. 

Abbot J.G., Gordey, S.P., Templeman-Kluit, D.J. 1986. Setting of stratiform, sediment hosted lead zinc deposits in Yukon and northeastern British Columbia, In Morin, J.A. (ed.), Mineral Deposits of the Northern Cordillera. Canadian Institute of Mining and... 

Hart, C.J.R. 2003. Re-Os and U-Pb Geochronology of the Clear Creek, Dublin Gulch, and Mactung Deposits, Tombstone Gold Belt, Yukon, Canada absolute timing relationships between plutonism and mineralization. Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 40, 1839-1852. 

TCDD and OCDD in the Arctic than in sub-Arctic areas is thought to be transpolar movement of aerosols from combustion-related sources originating in Eurasia (Norstrom et al. 1990). CDDs and CDFs were determined in caribou tissue samples from 7 herds across the Canadian Arctic (Hebert et al. 1996). In contrast to marine mammals, concentrations for caribou were extremely low, sub-ng/kg (lipid basis), for all congeners except OCDD and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD in one herd. OCDD was found in most of the samples at concentrations ranging from < 0.2 ng/kg in fat to 4.7 ng/kg in adipose tissue. The one pooled liver sample analyzed from the Yukon had an OCDD concentration of 11 ng/kg (lipid basis). 

British Colurabin and Yukon Canadian Adverse Reactioii Monitoiiug - BC and Yukon, 400-4595 Canada Way. Burnaby. British Columbia. VSG IJ9 Briitsh Cohtmbia AR lic-sc.gc.ca... 

Coulson I. M., Villeneuve M. E., Dipple G. M., Duncan R. A., Russell J. K., and Mortensen J. K. (2002) Timescales of assembly and thermal history of a composite felsic pluton constraints from the Emerald Lake area, northern Canadian Cordillera, Yukon. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 114, 331-356. 

Figure 5 Terranes of the Canadian Cordillera. Older continental components are represented by the Miogeocline, which rests on North American Precambrian basement, and the Yukon-Tanana terrane. Of the other terranes, those near to the Miogeocline, such as Kootenay, have major older crustal components. Juvenile characteristics increase in the direction of the Pacific Ocean (after Patchett et aL, 1998 Butler et al., 2001).

Mezger J. E., Greaser R. A., and Erdmer P. (2001) Cretaceous back-arc basin along the Coast Belt of the northern Canadian Cordillera evidence from geochemical and Nd isotopic signatures of the Kluane metamorphic assemblage, SW Yukon. Can. J. Earth Set 38, 91-103. 

Buchet et al. 1983). Some marine birds and mammals contain remarkably elevated Cd burdens in the kidney and liver (Martin et al. 1976, Stonebumer 1978, Nicholson and Osborn 1983). Even in remote areas such as the Canadian provinces of Yukon, the North vest Territories and northern Quebec, elevated levels of Cd vere observed in caribou kidney and liver (Braune et al. 

The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration has also determined that all ten of the Canadian Provinces and the Yukon Territory have periodic inspection programs that are comparable to, or as effective as federal requirements. 

In Canada, Environment Canada, which was created in 1971, is the organization responsible for environmental regulation and protection. Environment Canada is divided into five Regional Offices Ontario, Atlantic, Prairie and Northern Region, Quebec, and Pacific and Yukon. Its environmental services are administered through the Canadian Environment Protection Act (CEPA) which includes the Air Quality Act, the Canadian Water Act, the Ocean Dumping Act, the Environment Contaminant Act, and the Department of the Environment Act. CEPA was recently amended (September 1999), placing more emphasis on pollution prevention and toxic substances. It also provides an increased enforcement authority and resources to carry out necessary research and development activities. 

Chiral pollutants in water remain in dynamic equilibrium with the sediment in a particular water body. Therefore, the presence of chiral pollutants in sediment is a natural situation. The concentration of these pollutants in the sediment depends on the various environmental factors and the adsorption capacity of the sediment itself. Vetter et al. detected two major compounds of technical toxaphene in Canadian lake sediment [63], and chloroborane congeners in the sediment from a toxaphene-treated Yukon lake [64], The authors analysed sediment samples collected over almost 60 years, from 1935 to 1992. The results are given in Table 2.3, which... 

Lees, E.J. (1934) Geology of the Laberge area, Yukon. Transactions of the Royal Canadian... 

Nickling, W.G. 1978. Eolian sediment transport during dust storms Slims River Valley, Yukon Territory. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 15(7) 1069-1084. 

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