Canadian approximate

A study investigating the breakdown of clopytaUd [1702-17-6] reported half-Hves on different soils of approximately 2—7 weeks in a laboratory incubation (400) it was indicated that carryover was likely to occur in field soil. Picloram degrades and does not accumulate in field soil although low residue levels do persist for several years (401). The half-life for triclopyr [55335-06-3] is reported to be two weeks in two Canadian soils (402), and it has been shown to be rapidly degraded by aqueous photolysis (403). 

General price information for 1996 on commercially available xanthates from a Canadian company is given ia Table 5. Prices are approximate based oa tmckload shipments within the continental United States (excluding Alaska). 

Approximately, 46 percent of all calcium consumed by Americans is from dairy products (17). Scythes et al. (18) found that dairy products contributed 66.7 percent of the calcium consumed by Canadian pre-menopausal women. Others suggest that dairy products contribute approximately 75 percent of the calcium consumed (19). Neither data set includes calcium taken as supplements. About nine percent of the population consume calcium supplements (20). 

The oil sands are located in the northern section of Alberta and up until a year ago it was believed that they contained just over nine hundred and fifty billion barrels of in-place oil This compares to the total Canadian reserves of conventional oil of approximately eight billion barrels. Outtrim and Evans (JL) of the Energy Conservation Board of Alberta presented a paper just about a year ago and suggested that the reserves in the oil sands and the carbonates are considerably higher than the previously accepted totals. 

There is no detailed documentation of the number of chemists and chemical engineers employed in the nuclear power industry. Within AECL there are 300 in a total staff of 6000 (5%). Within Ontario Hydro (26) there are approximately 145 in a total staff of 3300 associated with nuclear power generation (4.4%). The Canadian Nuclear Association (CNA) estimates that in 1976 there were about 18,400 people employed in the Canadian nuclear industry, excluding the uranium industry (27) If about 4% of these were chemists or chemical engineers, one can estimate that a total of about 700 were employed in the industry at that time. There is likely to be considerable expansion of the industry by 1985, particularly in the utilities such as Ontario Hydro, Hydro Quebec, and New Brunswick Power which already have additional nuclear capacity under construction. The expansion will in turn provide new opportunities for members of this profession. 

In situ chemical oxidation using potassium permanganate was also demonstrated to treat dense, non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) at the Canadian Forces Base Borden in Ontario, Canada, between 1996 and 1997. This application used a series of six injection and five oxidant recovery weUs. The total cost of the project was approximately 45,000 (D18766A, p.l3). 

Barrel A unit of liquid volume utilized by the petroleum industry equal to 42 U.S. gallons or approximately 35 Canadian gallons. 

Figure 5 shows the result. If the historical relationship between economic growth and energy consumption continues and if the economic forecast is approximately correct, then by the year 2000 Canada will be consuming over 20 quadrillion Btu s compared with slightly over 5 quadrillion in 1970. This is less than one-third of United States consumption today. On a per capita basis, it would mean that for each of the 35 million Canadians assumed at that time, about 585 million Btu s would be consumed annually compared with about 250 million today. (Again the competent economists quoted earlier suggest that per capita consumption in the United States will reach 450 million Btu s as early as 1985.)... 

Standard Canadian Shield saline solution (SCSSS), with a composition approximately that of saline solutions obtained from various sources in the Canadian Shield. 

In the Toyama Bay Japanese effluent study, 20% endpoint effect values (e.g., LC20s for the D. magna assay and IC20s for the S. capricomutum assay), which are close approximations of TC values determined from NOEC and LOEC data (as in the Canadian study), were transformed into TU values and integrated into the PEEP formula. In applying the PEEP index concept to a designated series of wastewaters discharging to a common aquatic environment, it is paramount, of course, to use the same battery of bioassays and to report all of their toxicity responses with the same measurement endpoint and statistical analysis system (i.e., TC values for all effluents... 

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