Net caloric value

This pretreatment enhances the energy density of wood by increasing its carbon content and net caloric value and is therefore expected to become more important in the future, especially as a treatment preceding gasification (feedstock moisture content should be <20-30%).Torrefied material is more brittle than the feedstock wood material and it has intermediate characteristics between coal and the feedstock. In case of fast pyrolysis, biomass should normally be dried to about 10% moisture content, since a considerable amount of reaction water is also formed (about 25% of feedstock) during this process. 

Low heating value (LHV), The low heating value denoted LHV and expressed in J.kg and formerly called the net caloric value is the specific enthalpy of the combustion reaction of a liquid or solid fuel with air per unit mass of fuel excluding the latent heat of vaporization of liquid water. The temperature of the fuel before the combustion and that of the combustion products must be 298.15 K and 101.325 kPa, the water formed by the combustion must remain as vapor and the nitrogen must not be oxidized. 

---