Calcium uranium phosphate

All uranium ori contain radium and consequently may serve as a source nf radium. Torhemite, a by dinted cupper uranium phosphate, and antnnite, a hydrated calcium uranium phosphate, are found in Portugal ami Australia, from which considerable radium has been extracted. Then am apparently extensive deposits of low grade torbnrnite and niitunile in New Mexico. 

Birch WD, Mumme WG, Segnit ER (1988) Ulrichite A new copper calcium uranium phosphate from Lake Boga, Victoria, Australia. Aust Mineral 3 125-131... 

Tomizuka and Takahara, 1972). The uranium ore produced in Japan is Ningyo-rock [CaU(P04)2]. As the compound contains calcium and phosphate other than uranium, uranium is not successfully leached. 

A large variety of secondary uranium minerals are known, many are brilliantly colored and fluorescent. The commonest are gummite (a general term like limonite for mixtures of various secondary hydrated uranium oxides with impurities) hydrated uranium phosphates of the phosphuranylite type, including autunite (with calcium), saleeite (magnesium), and torbernite (with copper) and hydrated uranium silicates such as cof-finite, uranophane (with calcium), and sklodowskite (magnesium). 

Vanadate, dioxybis(oxamato)-bond-length ratios, 1,57 Vanadate, heptacyano-potassium salt structure, I, 72 Vanadate, hexafluoro-dipotassium salt history, I, 21 potassium salt history, 1,21 tripotassium salt history, 1,21 Vanadate, pentachloro-stereochemistry, 1,40 Vanadate, pentafluorooxy-stereochemistry, I, 50 Vanadates biochemistry, 3,456 calcium/magnesium ATPase inhibition, 6, 567 competition with phosphates physiology, 6,665 protonation, 3,1026 sodium pump, 6, 557 in uranium purification from ore, 6, 899 Vanadates, hexafluoro-, 3. 482,531 Vanadates, oxoperoxo-, 3,501 Vanadates, pentacarbonyl-, 3, 457 Vanadium biology, 6,665 determination, 1. 548 extraction... 

Both humic acids and fulvic acids have a strong affinity for particulate and crystalline substances possessing oxygen atoms at their surfaces and they have been reported to bring about the dissolution of iron phosphate, calcium phosphate (61), uranium dioxide (65), hydrated magnesium alumino-silicates (66) and limonite, a complex mixture of hydrated ferric oxides (67). 

Major constituents (greater than 5 mg/L) Minor constituents (O.Ol-lO.Omg/L) Selected trace constituents (less than 0.1 mg/L) Bicarbonate, calcium, carbonic acid, chloride, magnesium, silicon, sodium, sulfate Boron, carbonate, fluoride, iron, nitrate, potassium, strontium Aluminum, arsenic, barium, bromide, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gold, iodide, lead, Uthium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphate, radium, selenium, silver, tin, titanium, uranium, vanadium, zinc, zirconium... 

AUTUNITE. This mineral is a hydrous phosphate of calcium and uranium, crystallizing in the tetragonal system, usually in thin tabular crystals. Good basal cleavage hardness. 2-2.5 specific gravity, 3.1 luster, subadamantine to pearly on the base color, lemon yellow streak, yellow transparent to translucent strongly fluorescent. 

Solids. For example, calcium and chemically similar trace metals (such as lead, cadmium, and uranium) are incorporated into the phosphate phases of the teeth and bones. 

Derivation Finely ground ore is leached under oxidizing conditions to give uranyl nitrate solution. The uranyl nitrate, purified by solvent extraction (ether, alkyl phosphate esters), is then reduced with hydrogen to uranium dioxide. This is treated with hydrogen fluoride to obtain uranium tetrafluoride, followed by either electrolysis in fused salts or by reduction with calcium or magnesium. Uranium can also be recovered from phosphate sand. 

The isotope °Sr is a 3-emitter h = 29.1 yr) and a fission product of uranium. In the event of a nuclear energy plant disaster or through the dumping of nuclear waste, there is a danger that grass, and then milk, may be contaminated with Sr and that it may be incorporated with calcium phosphate into bone. For discussion of Ra, see Section 11.1. 

Ross V (1956) Studies of uranium minerals XXII Synthetic calcium and lead manyl phosphate minerals. Am Mineral 41 915-926... 

Elements like aluminium, barium, cadmium, lead, strontium, and traces of others exist in different forms in plastics additives, and may enter the body through food and water as well as through air breathed in. These elements do not serve any known purpose in the body, but they are still absorbed, and as a result, the average adult body can contain significant amounts of them. Some of these resemble human elements (e.g., strontium resembles calcium closely, and a lot of it is absorbed easily in bones, to the extent that approximately 320 mg can be found in the body of an average person, which is far more than many of the essential elements, while even gold and uranium can exist in quantities of 7 and 0.07 mg, respectively), and are retained and deposited preferentially either in the skeleton (e.g., uranium, binds specifically to the phosphate of the bones) or elsewhere for example in the liver, where liver proteins can trap and deposit some of these heavy metals, like cadmium. 

Fission track geochronology is a method for dating minerals containing uranium, particularly apatites and zircon. Apatite is a calcium phosphate that is common in granites and metamorphic rocks. Zircon is a zirconium silicate that is also common in similar rocks. The sample age is determined by counting fission tracks in the material from spontaneous fission of These tracks are a function of the U content and the age since closure when the fission track clock started. A research reactor is then used to irradiate the samples and induce fission in the present in the sample. By comparison of the before and after track count, the U content in the sample is determined. 

Calcium-phosphate-type sensors are essentially unaffected by large doses of Co-gamma radiation (11) and thus the corresponding uranyl phosphate, and possibly neutral carrier types, should be immune to the very modest doses of internally generated uranium radiation. 

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