Calcium pantothenate solubility

Calcium Pantothenate occurs as a slightly hygroscopic, white powder. It is the calcium salt of the dextrorotatory isomer of pantothenic acid. It is stable in air. One gram dissolves in about 3 mL of water. It is soluble in glycerin, but is practically insoluble in alcohol, in chloroform, and in ether. 

Caldum Pantothenate, USP. Calcium pantothenate, calcium u-pantolhenate, is a slightly hygroscopic, white, odorless, bitter powder that is stable in air. It is insoluble in alcohol and soluble 1 3 in water aqueous solutions have a pH of about 9 and lalo = -1-25 to -1-27.5 . Autoclaving calcium pantothenate at I20°C for 20 minutes may cau.se 10 to 30% decomposition. Some of the phosphates of pantothenic acid that occur naturally in coenzymes are quite stable to both acid and alkali, even on hcating. - ... 

Calcium pantothenate is commonly used in dry dosage forms. It is moderately hygroscopic, with a solubility of 1 g/2.8 mL, and is unstable for autoclaving. Neither the parent pantothenic acid nor the sodium salt is commonly used in dosage forms. 

Multivitamin preparations. Most water-soluble vitamins are polarographically active and can be determined in simple preparations without any difficulties. Difficulty is given, however, with complex multivitamin preparations. In a preparation containing in I O g (in addition to fillers) 2500 I.U. of vitamin A, 200 I.U. of vitamin D, 1 mg of vitamin Bj, T5 mg of vitamin Bg, 1 /ag of vitamin B 2> mg of pteroylglutamic acid, 0-5 mg of calcium pantothenate, 10 mg of niacinamide, 37-5 mg of vitamin C, 1 mg of vitamins E and 0-2 mg of vitamins K, the analyses were carried... 

Pantothenic acid itself is not used as it is hygroscopic and unstable. Its more stable sodium salt and, especially, the calcium salt are synthesized chemically and used pharmaceutically, mainly in solid multivitamin preparations and as an additive compound for some foods (such as infant milk formulas) and domestic animal feeds. Calcium pantothenate is most stable in almost neutral media (pH 6 to 7). Salts of pantothenic acid are colorless crystals and less hygroscopic (especially the calcium salt) than pantothenic acid. The solubility of calcium pantothenate in water at 25°C is 0.356 g/mL, whereas the sodium salt also is very water soluble. 

Pantothenic acid/calcium pantothenate in pharmaceutical products and vitamin premixes was also analyzed using low-wavelength ultraviolet (UV) detection (64,66). The vitamin was extracted from tablets or powdered premixes with 0.005 M NaH2P04 buffer (pH 4.5) and separated from other water-soluble vitamins on an aminopropyl-bonded silica column (LiChrosorb NH2) eluted with an acetonitrile-0.005 MNaH2P04 buffer (pH 4.5) (87 13, v/v) and detected at 210 nm. Quantitative recoveries (>95%) and relative standard deviations 0.79% to 2.2% were obtained for multivitamin tablets, vitamin premixes, fortified yeasts, and raw materials. The limit of sensitivity was approximately 1 mg/g sample. The results were compared with those obtained by the standard microbiological procedure. Low levels of calcium pantothenate (<3 mg per tablet) were more precisely analyzed by the HPLC procedure than by the microbiological method. 

A mixture of several water-soluble vitamins including calcium pantothenate was recently evaluated by CE by Jegle (83). The sample was analyzed in a 0.02 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7) and separated using a three-dimensional capillary zone electrophoresis system (flised-siUca, 50 pm i.d., straight, length to detector 400 mm, total length 485 mm, injection pressure 4.6 sec at 4 kPa, postinjection pressure 4 sec at 40 kPa, polarity positive, voltage 20 kV, capillary temperature... 

The energy content of sunflower meal compares favorably with that of other oilseed meals and increases as the residual oil content increases and as the fiber content decreases. Sunflower meal also compares favorably with other oilseed meals as a source of calcium and phosphorus (36) and is an excellent source of water-soluble B-complex vitamins, namely nicotinic acid, thiamine, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, and biotin. 

The purification of pantothenic acid in the form of its calcium salt was eventually accomplished only, however, to the extent of obtaining about 10 mg of material of estimated 90% purity and larger amounts of material with less potency . Autolyzed beef liver was the source material and a prominent procedure involved a fractional distribution of brucine salts between water and chloroform. The extremely hydrophilic nature of the active compound was a serious drawback in its isolation even the brucine salt was a thousand times more soluble in water than in chloroform. 

Vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes— Studies have shown that during moderate to severe stresses, more zinc, copper, magnesium, and calcium are lost in the urine. Furthermore, stress results in altered blood levels of vitamins A and C, and of zinc and iron. Also, part of the response to stress includes water and sodium retention, via veisopressin and aldosterone secretion. As for the water-soluble vitamins—thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine (B-6), pantothenic acid, folic acid, and vitamin C stress increases their requirement. However, no dietary recommendations are made for these nutrients for individuals under stressful situations. Still, it seems wise to supply some supplementation before deficiency symptoms appear. 

---