Butylene oxide copolymers

Poly (ethylene oxide)/poly (butylene oxide) copolymers In polyethylene oxide)-poly(butylene oxide) (PEO-PBO) diblocks with short blocks, unfolded PEO blocks crystallize into lamellar crystals, and the PBO... 

Butylene oxide/ethylene oxide copolymer see Ethylene oxide/1,2-butylene oxide copolymer ... 

A significant use of butylene oxide [26249-20-7] is as an acid scavenger for chlorine-containing materials such as trichloroethylene. Inclusion of about 0.25—0.5% of butylene oxide, based on the solvent weight, during preparation of vinyl chloride and copolymer resin solutions minimizes container corrosion which may be detrimental to resin color and properties. 

The morphologies of various copolymers composed of polyethylene oxide), PEO, and poly (1,2-butylene oxide), PBut, were recently reviewed by Ryan et al. [61]. The corresponding phase diagrams of PEO-fr-PBut, PBut-fo-PEO-fo-PBut and PEO-fo-PBut-fo-PEO melts are depicted in Fig. 11. In all phase diagrams the semi-crystalline lamellar phase was not attained because of the copolymers low melting points. 

Booth C, Yu GE, Nace VM (1997) Block copolymers of ethylene oxide and 1,2-butylene oxide. In Alexandridis P, Lindman B (eds) Amphiphilic block copolymers self-asssembly and applications. Elsevier, Amsterdam... 

When layers of certain block copolymers of ethylene oxide and butylene oxide are contacted with water, there is an initial period when the position of the interface is proportional to tm, where m < 0.5 [32]. That is, initial swelling is not controlled by diffusion but instead by hydration and rearrangement of the long molecules to form the various phases. In the case of (EO)i6(BO)22 small-angle X-ray scattering did detect evidence of both reverse hexagonal and lamellar phases during this initial period, but it was not clear whether all the swollen block copolymer layer consisted of these phases or how the... 

Yang.Y. W., Z. Yang, Z. K. Zhou, D.Attwood, andC. Booth. 1996. Association of tri block copolymers of ethylene oxide and butylene oxide in aqueous solution. AstudynfirPn copolymersMacromolecules 29 670-680. 

The interactions between surfaces coated with a high density of chitosan-E045 oligomers, as illustrated in Fig. 9, are similar to those obtained in previous studies using lysine end-capped PEO chains with similar chain length adsorbed to mica [25], and for the (butylenes oxide)8-(ethylene oxide)4i copolymer adsorbed to nonpolar surfaces [26],... 

A H NMR relaxation study of di-block and tri-block copolymers of ethylene oxide and 1,2-butylene oxide aqueous solutions has shown a phase transition from a micelle to a gel in the relaxation time of the ethylene oxide block, consistent with gel formation by close packing of micelles. NOE shows that the blocks of ethylene oxide and 1,2-butylene oxide interpenetrate at the core-fringe boundary.307 Similar phenomena have been observed for the tri-block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. At the critical micellar temperature, a marked transition in the relaxation times of the hydrophobic propylene oxide block occurs, which is attributed to a change from well-solvated mobile chains below the critical micellar temperature to a more restricted concentrated micelle-core environment above this temperature. However, no transition in the properties of the hydrophilic block of ethylene oxide has been observed. NOE data indicate that in the micelles there is considerable interpenetration of the... 

C.Z. Yu, Y.H. Yu, L. Miao, and D.Y. Zhao, Highly Ordered Mesoporous Silica Structures Templated by Poly(butylene oxide) Segment Di- and Tri-block Copolymers. Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 2001, 44, 65-72. 

Mawson S, Yates MZ, O Neill ML, Johnston KP. Stabilized pol5mer microparticles by precipitation with a compressed fluid antisolvent. 2. Poly(propylene oxide) and poly(butylene oxide)-based copolymers. Langmuir 1997 13 1519-1528. 

Szymanowsky J, Myszkowski J, Pietrzak E, Prochaska K. Stability of model emulsions in the presence of ethylene oxide and a-butylene oxide block copolymers of type EBE. Tenside Detergents 1983 20 23-27. 

Acrylic acid copolymers can be modified with 1,2-butylene oxide to provide hydroxyl sites for cross-linking (28). The copolymer can then be cross-linked with amino resins. 

The most extensive group of ether surfactants is that of polyethoxylated long-chain alcohols and related ethoxylated products considered, in view of their practical importance, in a separate section. Other ether nonionics of importance are polypropylene glycols, propoxylated alcohols, block-copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, block-copolymers of ethylene oxide and butylene oxide [8, 16-20], block-copolymers having a hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane moiety [19, 21], as well as alkyl polyglycerides, alkyl polyglycosides, derivatives of maltose and other saccarides. 

A final example of the influence of microwave treatment on adsorption materials involves the synthesis of mesoporous silica materials known as FUD-1. Preparations of FUD-1 used microwave heating both with and without humic acid treatment. The materials were synthesized with a poly(ethylene oxide)-poly-(butylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer as a template and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as the source of silica. In addition to being well characterized, the resultant materials were also tested for their ability to adsorb Cd ions from solution at a fixed pH of 6. The incorporation of humic acid into FUD-1 led to significantly higher adsorption capacity of Cd + ions than materials without humic acid. As a result, these materials seem to be promising adsorbents for removal of cadmium and related heavy metal ions from aqueous waste streams. 

Ryan AJ, Mai SM, Fairclough JPA, Hamley IW, Booth C (2001) Ordered melts of block copolymers of ethylene oxide and 1,2-butylene oxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 3 2961-2971... 

SAH Sahakaro, K., Chaibundit, C., Kaligradaki, Z., Mai, S.-M., Heatley, F., Booth, C., Padget, J. C., and Shirley, I.M., Clouding of aqueous solutions of difunctional tapered statistical copolymers of ethylene oxide and 1,2-butylene oxide, Eur. Polym. J., 36, 1835, 2000. 

CHA Chaibundit, C., Sumanatrakool, P., Chinchew, S., Kanatharana, P., Tattershall, C.E., Booth, C., and Yuan, X.-F., Association properties of diblock copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-butylene oxide E17B12 in aqueous solution, J. Coll. Interface Sci., 283, 544, 2005. 

Alexandridis et al. have studied a number of block copolymers of ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (-OCH2CHCH3-, PO) and butylene oxide (-OCH2CH(CH2CH3)-, BO) in water and in ternary systems with p-xylene. The polypropylene oxide and butylene oxide blocks are the hydrophilic portions. Obviously, the short methyl and ethyl branches will need to be included in any packing constraints considerations. 

A comparison of the phase behavior of PEO/PPO and PEO/PBO copolymers in bu-tanol/water was recently reported [145]. Note that in this paper poly(butylene oxide) is referred to as poly(tetrahydrofuran). Plutonic F127, EiooPyoEioO exhibits Li, L2,1], Hi and phases. The Li phase exists along the polymer-water axis up to 20% polymer, accommodating up to 10% butanol. The Ii... 

Poly(butylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer ... 

Figure 12 Force normalized by radius between hydropho-bized mica or glass surfaces coated by penta(oxyethylene) dodecyl ether at 20°C ( ), and copolymers of butylene oxide (B) and ethylene oxide (E) with composition BgE4j (lower line) and BJ5E200 (upper line). All data have been recalculated to spherical geometry.

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