Butadiene-methylmethacrylate

Upon ozonolysis this copolymer yields succinic acid, succindialdehyde and dicarboxylic acids containing several MMA residues. The percentage of butadiene (9.2%) recovered as succinic acid and succindialdehyde provided a measure of the 1,4-butadiene-l,4-butadiene linkages in the copolymers, and the percentage of MMA units (51%) recovered as trimethyl 2-methyl-butane-l,2,4-tricarboxylate (4) n = 1, provided a measure of the MMA units in the middle of butadiene-methacrylate-butadiene triads. 

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One can rationalize a need for small rubber inclusions in some of the newer approaches to waterborne and high solids epoxy coating systems. Water-thinned epoxy coating compositions are described (48) where the two-component system consists of a nitrile rubber modified epoxy resin in the epoxide component and a styrene/ butadiene/methylmethacrylate latex modifier for an emulsion-based polyamide hardener component. Showing improved adhesion, impact and water resistance, the paint has good wetting characteristics and can be formulated to a high solids content at low viscosity. 

Unsaturation styrene-butadiene methylmethacrylate terpolymer Raman spectroscopy 87... 

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), methylmethacrylate-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (MABS)... 

MABS is a copolymer of methylmethacrylate, acrylonitrile and butadiene. MABS combines the properties of ABS with transparency. 

This asymmetric end has the alkoxy group of alkyl vinylethers by cationic polymerization, phenyl group of styrene when either anionically or cationicaiiy polymerized, the vinyl group of butadiene under anionic catalysts to poly-1,2-butadiene, the ester and methyl of methylmethacrylate under anionic catalysis and the methyl of propylene by cationic catalysis. 

The (butadiene) ansa-zirconocene-derived complexes 130 (RCp, R = H, Me, cyclohexyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl) are active catalysts for the polymerization of methylmethacrylate.149 The isotacticity of the resulting PMMA increases rapidly with increasing bulk of the attached substituents.150 The initial intermediate (156) of the polymerization reaction was observed by NMR spectroscopy124,149 (Scheme 54). 

Since A and B are constants for a given copolymer and the possible temperature interval is relatively limited, a transition is predicted at an approximately constant shear stress. Melt transitions have in fact been reported at approximately constant shear stresses for styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymers (4). However, this behavior was certainly not observed for the styrene methylmethacrylate diblock copolymer,... 

Intensity dependent bleaching of poly(methylmethacrylate) doped with acridine or diphenyl butadiene and an acridine-containing methacrylate copolymer, has been observed using excimer lasers (XeF, KrF). Threshold-like irreversible bleaching was seen with the copolymer more gradual transient bleaching with the mixtures. The implications for submicron microlithography are discussed. 

Acridine and diphenyl butadiene were obtained from Aldrich poly (methylmethacrylate)(PMMA) from KTI Chemicals (as a 9 wt.% solution in chlorobenzene). Solutions for spin-casting were prepared as follows 1 ml of IM acridine (in 2-ethoxy ethyl acetate) in 9 ml of 9 wt.% PMMA (thus 16 wt.% acridine in film) 0.3 g diphenyl butadiene in 7 ml of 9% PMMA solution (thus 30 wt.% diphenyl butadiene)... 

He was aware that termination reactions were of little importance, since successive additions of monomer could be made to polymerize after the complete reaction of the first added portion, even after the reaction mixture had been allowed to stand for some time. The relative efficiency of a group of initiators was also described. In the polymerization of butadiene, for instance, the deep red colour of cumylpotassium disappeared almost immediately, whereas with triphenylmethylsodium, the colour persisted during the polymerization process. With metallic sodium initiation, polymerization was shown to proceed at both ends of the polymer chain via an a,co-disodium adduct of the diene. It can be said, therefore, that by 1936 the essential characteristics of the process had been described, but interest in this topic was limited for many years afterwards. A few papers appeared in the literature. Beaman [6], in 1948, described the polymerization of methacrylonitrile and methylmethacrylate by sodium and triphenylmethylsodium in liquid ammonia, and similar experiments with styrene were described in 1949 [7, 8] using sodium or potassium amide as initiator. 

Wooding and Higginson [11] also attempted a correlation with the base strength of the initiator, of the ability of various sodium salts to initiate polymerization of acrylonitrile, methylmethacrylate, styrene and butadiene. They were able to show that even relatively weak bases such as sodium methoxide would polymerize acrylonitrile methylmethacrylate required stronger bases such as fluorenyl- or indenylsodium, and styrene or butadiene required very strong bases of the type triphenylmethylsodium or sodamide or even metal alkyls. 

An examination of reported reactivity ratios (Table 6) shows that the behaviour rj > 1, r2 1 or vice versa is a common feature of anionic copolymerization. Only in copolymerizations involving the monomers 1,1-diphenylethylene and stilbene, which cannot homopolymerize, do we find <1, r2 <1 [212—215], and hence the alternating tendency so characteristic of many free radical initiated copolymerizations. Normally one monomer is much more reactive to either type of active centre in the order acrylonitrile > methylmethacrylate > styrene > butadiene > isoprene. This is the order of electron affinities of the monomers as measured polarographically in polar solvents [216, 217]. In other words, the reactivity correlates well with the overall thermodynamic stability of the product. Variations of reactivity ratio occur with different solvents and counter-ions but the gross order is predictable. 

The M[ZnR4] and M[A1R4]2 ate complexes (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) polymerize vinyl and conjugated diene monomers including styrene, methylmethacrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl-ketones, isoprene and butadiene . The bimetallic complexes produce polymers of differing microstructure to that formed by simple alkaline-earth metal initiators, so that the presence of Zn or A1 influences the stereochemistry of propagation. Thus, polybutadiene obtained in benzene from a Ba-Zn initiator contains more than 90% 1,4-bonds (trans-1,4 75-81 %) ... 

Zylar . [Novacor] Methylmethacrylate butadiene styrene terpolymer for displays, medical devices, office accessories, small tq)pliances, toys. 

Figure 1.2. Izod impact strength at room temperature as a function of diameter of elastomeric particles in methylmethacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer used for toughening polyvinylchloride resin [after Bertelo and Mori, 1994].

PVC with poly(butanediol-terephthalate-adipate) and 30 wt% GF Vinylchloride polymerized in the presence of PI, blended with PVC and MBA PVC with poly(methylmethacrylate-co-maleimide-co-vinyl cyanide) and styrene-cyclohexyl-maleimide-grafted butadiene PVC with imidated poly methacrylate (polyglutarimide, PGI)... 

In the 1950 s, the core-shell, emulsion type methylmethacrylate-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (MBS) was developed to toughen PVC or PC. These blends could also contain other polymers, viz. SAA [Murdock et al., I960] SMM and PS [Murdock et al., 1962] SMM-AN [Schmitt et al., 1967] high heat ABS [Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry, 1967] HIPS [Ward, 1970] MMVAc-AA [Holland et al., 1970] SMMA [Blasius, 1992], etc. Table 1.34 traces evolution of these systems. Later, these multipolymers were modified by incorporation MA, AA, or GMA units to serve as reactive compatibilizers and toughening agents for PA, PEST or PC blends. 

MBA copolymer of butadiene, butylacrylate and methylmethacrylate Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN)... 

Graft copolymer acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-methylmethacrylate, ABSM PDMS Ethylene-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (EHEMA)... 

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