Busses, exhaust emissions

EPA diesel exhaust emissions limits for 1998 on-highway diesel truck and bus engines in g/bhp-hr (grams/brake horscpowcr/hotir) when using existing... 

Emissions, power, torque, and efficiency goals have been met. NO emissions have been reduced by a factor of 20 when compared to the existing engine without a loss of power, torque characteristics, or fuel efficiency. Major milestones for the remainder of the project will be to demonstrate drivability in an operating bus and verily exhaust emissions in a driving test. 

City buses are, both on the standard length of 12 m (example as depicted in Fig. 4.17) as well as the articulated buses with a length of 18 m, an optimal application for fuel cell technology. The advantages of the fuel cell technology applied to urban busses are the zero exhaust emissions and the very low noise emissions. These two attributes are very positively evaluated during several surveys of bus operators, bus users and general population. 

Over the past two decades, compliance with stricter environmental requirements led to the rapid penetration of hybrid electric buses (HEBs)/EBs in urban transit bus fleets to improve fuel efficiency by 20-50% and, correspondingly, reduce exhaust emissions. Advanced technologies (lightweight materials for body, chassis, and seat assemblies stop-start systems for idle reduction improved batteries electric motors converters and power electronics) are also being deployed to further improve the fuel efficiency of advanced buses and urban air quality. 

Burton RM, Suggs JC, Jungers RH, et al. 1987. The New York City bus terminal diesel emissions study Measurement and collection of diesel exhaust for chemical characterization and mutagenic activity. In Proceedings of the Air Pollution Control Association Annual Meeting 1 87/1.7. 

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