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Burner exhaust temperature

The reformer takes an input flow rate of methane and computes the hydrogen output. The reformer module balances energy by combusting the reformate stream with air and exchanging the heat released to the catalyst reactor. Parameters on the reformer are the steam-to-carbon ratio and the outlet temperature of the exhaust products from the internal burner. The temperature at which the equilibrium reforming occurs depends on these parameters. Figure 1 shows the variation in thermal efficiency of the reformer with temperature and steam-to-carbon ratio. The minimum steam-to-carbon ratio is 2 however, reformers are often operated with excess steam to improve the efficiency and prevent coking problems. [Pg.551]

Upon completion of the ignition test, the burner has to be evaluated for the safe and reliable combustion performance. For example, in order to satisfy UL certification requirements it has to be continuously fired at maximum capacity for 250 hours with daily monitoring of its combustion performance (exhaust temperature and composition, fuel burning rate, controls operation, etc.). All the data are collected and recorded in corresponding data collection sheets that includes the following parameters along with registered visual observation ... [Pg.399]

Figure 5.29 shows the boxes containing the regenerative beds on both ends of radiant U-tubes. Evidence of the lower final exhaust temperature with regenerative burners was shown by the fact that it was no longer necessary to pay double time to persons working around the regenerative radiant tubes because of lower ambient temperature. [Pg.231]

By better monitoring this spread, we can warn against burner issues (i.e., plugged fuel nozzles), faulty combustors or bad thermocouples within an appropriate period of time. This will reduce the likelihood of deterioration of the combustion system. Figure 8 shows a typical output of the rule for a typical gas turbine, where the exhaust temperatures are plotted on-line. To achieve a reliable rule output, many checks must be performed to prevent false alarms and report a real spread event. Examples of these checks include thermocouple cross-checks to identify faulty sensors and adjacency checks to confirm a real spread, where adjacent thermocouples are compared to the one showing the minimum reading. [Pg.341]

The practical values of sulphur burner outlet temperatures will be marginally lower because of heat losses from the lagged furnace to the ambient atmosphere. The general rule of thumb is that the outlet temperature corresponds to the vol% SOj in the gas x 100 e.g. 7% SOj gas ex furnace corresponds to a burner outlet temperature of about 700°C. However, it should be remembered that when the process air is preheated (MM, Mazzoni designs) then the exhaust gas temperature will be roughly 10% higher. [Pg.85]

The product gas after cleanup consists of primarily CO and H2. Combustion of coal gas in high firing-temperature gas turbines converts virtually all of the CO to CO2, and gas turbine exhaust is expected to contain no more than 10 ppm CO when operating at design conditions. Carbon monoxide emissions from a CGCC plant are thus expected to be around one-tenth those of a modem coal-fired plant equipped with low NO burners. [Pg.275]

Raising the inlet temperature at the waste heat boiler allows a signifieant reduetion in the heat transfer area and, eonsequently, the eost. Typieally, as the gas turbine exhaust has ample oxygen, duet burners ean be eonveniently used. [Pg.54]

The steam used in this process is generated by the turbine exhaust gas. Typically, water at 14.7 psia (1 Bar) and 80 °F (26.7 °C) enters the pump and regenerator, where it is brought up to 60 psia (4 Bar) above the compressor discharge and the same temperature as the compressor discharged air. The steam is injected after the compressor but far upstream of the burner to create a proper mixture which helps to reduce the primary zone temperature in the combustor and the NO output. The enthalpy of State 3 hi,) is the mixture enthalpy of air and steam. The following relationship describes the flow at that point ... [Pg.78]

Enclosed flares are composed of multiple gas burner heads placed at ground level in a staeklike enclosure that is usually refractory or ceramic lined. Many flares are equipped with automatic damper controls that regulate the supply of combustion air depending on temperature which is monitored upstream of the mixing, but inside the staek. This class of flare is becoming the standard in the industry due to its ability to more effectively eontrol emissions. Requirements on emissions includes carbon monoxide limits and minimal residence time and temperature. Exhaust gas temperatures may vary from 1,000 to 2,000 F. [Pg.487]

The advantages of thermal incineration are that it is simple in concept, has a wide application, and results in almost complete destruction of pollutants with no liquid or solid residue. Thermal incineration provides an opportunity for heat recovery and has low maintenance requirements and low capital cost. Thermal incineration units for small or moderate exhaust streams are generally compact and light. Such units can be installed on a roof when the plant area is limited. = The main disadvantage is the auxiliary fuel cost, which is partly offset with an efficient heat-recovery system. The formation of nitric oxides during the combustion processes must be reduced by control of excess air temperature, fuel supply, and combustion air distribution at the burner inlet, The formation of thermal NO increases dramatically above 980 Table 13.10)... [Pg.1256]

Methane is supplied to a burner in a room for an experiment at 10 g/s. The measurements indicate that air flow into the room doorway is 800 g/s and the door is the only opening. The exhaust leaves the room through the upper part of the doorway at a uniform temperature of 400 °C. Assume that the methane bums completely to C02 and H20 and that steady conditions prevail in the room. [Pg.70]

Materials handled include food products, chalk, coal, organic chemicals, clays, spent coffee grounds, sewage sludge and chicken manure. Where exhaust gases have unpleasant odours, after-burners can be supplied to raise the temperature and bum off the organic and particulate content causing the problem. [Pg.946]

Multiplexed diode-laser sensors were applied for measurement and control of gas temperature and species concentrations in a large-scale (50-kilowatt) forced-vortex combustor at NAWC to prove the viability of the techniques and the robustness of the equipment for realistic combustion and process-control applications [11]. The scheme employed was similar to that for measurements and control in the forced combustor and for fast extractive sampling of exhaust gases above a flat-flame burner at Stanford University (described previously). [Pg.396]


See other pages where Burner exhaust temperature is mentioned: [Pg.289]    [Pg.289]    [Pg.283]    [Pg.226]    [Pg.441]    [Pg.129]    [Pg.638]    [Pg.6]    [Pg.12]    [Pg.211]    [Pg.391]    [Pg.495]    [Pg.11]    [Pg.16]    [Pg.559]    [Pg.128]    [Pg.504]    [Pg.515]    [Pg.2406]    [Pg.2514]    [Pg.2515]    [Pg.481]    [Pg.541]    [Pg.77]    [Pg.412]    [Pg.416]    [Pg.152]    [Pg.55]    [Pg.276]    [Pg.279]    [Pg.198]    [Pg.504]    [Pg.495]    [Pg.1328]    [Pg.430]    [Pg.515]    [Pg.280]    [Pg.315]   
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