Bullet particles

Discharge particles can be broadly classified into bullet particles and primer particles. This is not unexpected considering that while vapors are miscible, most inorganic compounds in the liquid and solid state cannot dissolve metals, and vice versa. Upon solidification the metals would be expected to separate from the compounds and form separate particles. 

Experiments were conducted involving the addition of tracer compounds to the propellant, followed by an examination of the discharge particles to determine if any of the particles and which type contained the tracer.173 The tracer was found in primer particles only, which supports the proposition that they should be found dissolved in the oxides and salts originating from the primer and not in the bullet particles. A similar experiment involving the coating of bullets with metals not normally associated with firearms ammunition, followed by examination of the discharge particles, supported the proposition that the bullet material makes a contribution to the primer particles. 

The second bullet point describes a special type of correlation that prevents two electrons of like spin being found at the same point in space, and it applies whenever the particles are fermions. For that reason, it is described as Fermi correlation. 

Einstein s explanation of the photoelectric effect showed that light has some properties of particles. Light consists of photons, each of which is like a bullet of energy with the discrete energy E = Hy. Although simple, this... 

Of prime importance is the initial distribution of solids at the top of the apparatus. Figure 14 shows the bullet-head solids distributor designed for this purpose. Solids fed from a nearly point source falls on a bullet-shaped target from which they bounce off to land at some distance below, on a fall-breaker baffle which either straightens the particles into essentially vertical paths or simply redistributes them. 

Classical mechanics which correctly describes the behaviour of macroscopic particles like bullets or space craft is not derived from more basic principles. It derives from the three laws of motion proposed by Newton. The only justification for this model is the fact that a logical mathematical development of a mechanical system, based on these laws, is fully consistent... 

Take a moment to let this amazing fact sink in light as a stream of tiny little bullets And if that is so, why does Section 5.2 say light is an electromagnetic wavei Was that an error A lie Neither, for evidence tells us that light behaves as both a wave and a particle, and this is where the idea of conceptual models comes... 

Desintegrating Bullets. These bullets have their interiors formed of a hard metal (such as Zn) interspersed in a core of soft metal (such as Pb) and the surfaces are a more densily compressed mixt of the metal particles capable of being worked Compare with Bullets, Dumdum and Bullets, Frangible in Vol 2, p B331-R Ref G.A.Foisy, USP 2105528 (1938) CA 32, 2358 (1938)... 

Sintered Metal Bullets. Woodworth patented a method for forming bullets by sintering a metal powder contg Cu or a Cu alloy, the particles of which are bound together by a powdered metal of lower mp such as Sb. After compression in a mold, the bullet is heated above the mp of Sb but below that of Cu or Cu alloy Ref A.L. Woodworth, BritP 531389 (1941) CA 35, 8300 (1941)... 

Both of the nuclear reactions cited previously were brought about by using alpha particles as bullets to bombard the nuclei of nitrogen and boron atoms. This raises the question as to whether other minute projectiles, such as neutrons or protons, might not also be used to induce nuclear transformations. These and other particles have indeed been used in this manner. The nuclei of deuterium atoms are known as deuterons (usually represented by d), and these too have been used extensively. Nuclear reactions have also been brought about by the use of gamma rays. 

The cyclotron is a device in which positive ions are accelerated in a powerful magnetic field until they attain velocities of the order of thousands of miles per second. The use of such an instrument not only makes possible the use of particles other than the alpha particles from naturally radioactive elements but also serves to increase the fraction of effective impacts between ionic bullets and nuclear targets that bear like charges. 

Detectable FDR is mostly particulate in nature. Unjacketed lead bullets produce residue in which greater than 70% of the particles are lead. Coated bullets give the same result, except that a substantial proportion of the lead particles contain copper from the coating material. With jacketed or semi-jacketed bullets the proportion of lead particles in the residue is greatly reduced. It was concluded that most of the lead in the residue comes from the bullet rather than from the primer. This has subsequently been confirmed by experiments involving the use of radioactive tracers.172... 

The stability of the smaller lead particles under the SEM electron beam suggests that they consist of metallic lead rather than lead oxides. Considering that most of the lead particles originate from the bullet, coupled with their stability under the electron beam, leads to the conclusion that the vast majority consist of metallic lead. 

Particles due to the discharge of a firearm can be loosely divided into two types those originating from the bullet, and those originating from the primer. This is a broad general classification only and is not absolute. Particles classified as primer particles because of their elemental content are... 

It was also observed that the number of discharge residue particles on the firing hand decreased markedly as the bullet velocity increased. One possible explanation for this is that the greatly increased suction in the wake of the faster bullet causes more particles to be sucked out of the muzzle leaving fewer to exit from other vents and to be deposited on the hand. This... 

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